Li Shengdong, Liu Yujia, Wang Zongshuai, Liu Tianhao, Li Xiangnan, Zhang Peng
Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Nov 9;12(22):3808. doi: 10.3390/plants12223808.
It has been shown that increased concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) in the soil are harmful to plant growth. However, the sensitivity of different wheat cultivars to nano-ZnO stress is still unclear. To detect the physiological response process of wheat varieties with different tolerance to nano-ZnO stress, four wheat cultivars (viz., cv. , , , and ) with different responses to nano-ZnO stress were selected, depending on previous nano-ZnO stress trials with 120 wheat cultivars in China. The results found that nano-ZnO exposure reduced chlorophyll concentrations and photosynthetic electron transport efficiency, along with the depressed carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities, and limited plant growth. Meanwhile, the genotypic variation in photosynthetic carbon assimilation under nano-ZnO stress was found in wheat plants. Wheat cv. and possessed relatively lower Zn concentrations and higher leaf nitrogen per area, less reductions in their net photosynthetic rate, a maximum quantum yield of the PS II (F/F), electron transport flux per cross-section (ETo/CSm), trapped energy flux per cross-section (TRo/CSm), and total soluble sugar and sucrose concentrations under nano-ZnO stress, showing a better tolerance to nano-ZnO stress than wheat cv. and . In addition, the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters F/F, ETo/CSm, and TRo/CSm could be used to rapidly screen wheat varieties resistant to nano-ZnO stress. The results here provide a new approach for solving the issues of crop yield decline in regions polluted by heavy metal nanoparticles and promoting the sustainable utilization of farmland with heavy metal pollution.
研究表明，土壤中氧化锌纳米颗粒（纳米氧化锌）浓度的增加对植物生长有害。然而，不同小麦品种对纳米氧化锌胁迫的敏感性仍不清楚。为了检测不同耐纳米氧化锌胁迫能力的小麦品种的生理响应过程，根据之前在中国对120个小麦品种进行的纳米氧化锌胁迫试验，选择了4个对纳米氧化锌胁迫有不同响应的小麦品种（即品种 、 、 和 ）。结果发现，暴露于纳米氧化锌会降低叶绿素浓度和光合电子传递效率，同时碳水化合物代谢酶活性受到抑制，植物生长受限。与此同时，在小麦植株中发现了纳米氧化锌胁迫下光合碳同化的基因型变异。在纳米氧化锌胁迫下，品种 和 的锌浓度相对较低，单位面积叶氮含量较高，净光合速率、PS II最大量子产率（F/F）、单位横截面积电子传递通量（ETo/CSm）、单位横截面积捕获能量通量（TRo/CSm）以及总可溶性糖和蔗糖浓度的降低幅度较小，表明它们对纳米氧化锌胁迫的耐受性优于品种 和 。此外，叶绿素a荧光参数F/F、ETo/CSm和TRo/CSm可用于快速筛选抗纳米氧化锌胁迫的小麦品种。这里的结果为解决重金属纳米颗粒污染地区作物产量下降问题以及促进重金属污染农田的可持续利用提供了一种新方法。
