Nakayama Tetsuo, Ito Takashi, Ishiyama Ryoka, Katayama Kazuhiko
Laboratory of Viral Infection, Ömura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara 252-0329, Japan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Nov 2;11(11):1677. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11111677.
A recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) has been licensed and has a lesser incidence of adverse events. To know the immunological mechanisms of adverse events, the production of cytokines and chemokines was investigated in mice inoculated with NVX-CoV2373. Serum IL-6 was detected on Day 1 of the first and second doses and the IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels increased on Day 1 of the second dose at the inoculation site. The enhanced production of the inflammatory chemokines (CCL2), homeostatic chemokine (CXCL13), and Th2 chemokine (CCL17) was observed at the inoculation site on Day 1 of the second dose. These findings were compared with data obtained following inoculation with BNT162b2 bivalent vaccine containing omicron BA.4/5. Significantly lower levels of inflammatory chemokines were detected on Day 1 after the first dose of NVX-CoV2373 in sera and inoculation site than those following inoculation with bivalent BNT162b2 ( < 0.01), reflecting a lower incidence of adverse events after immunization with NVX-CoV2373 in humans. NVX-CoV2373 induced significantly higher concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 at the inoculation site obtained on Day 1 of the second dose ( < 0.05). Significant higher levels of Th2 chemokines, CCL11 and CCL17, were induced at the inoculation site on Day 1 of the second dose ( < 0.01) and they explain the booster IgG EIA antibody response after the second dose of NVX-CoV2373.
一种重组严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）刺突蛋白疫苗（NVX-CoV2373）已获许可，且不良事件发生率较低。为了解不良事件的免疫机制，对接种NVX-CoV2373的小鼠体内细胞因子和趋化因子的产生情况进行了研究。在第一剂和第二剂接种后的第1天检测血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6），在接种部位，第二剂接种后第1天干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、IL-4、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和IL-6水平升高。在第二剂接种后第1天，在接种部位观察到炎症趋化因子（CCL2）、稳态趋化因子（CXCL13）和辅助性T细胞2（Th2）趋化因子（CCL17）的产生增强。将这些结果与接种含奥密克戎BA.4/5的二价BNT162b2疫苗后获得的数据进行比较。在接种第一剂NVX-CoV2373后的第1天，血清和接种部位检测到的炎症趋化因子水平显著低于接种二价BNT162b2疫苗后（<0.01），这反映出在人类中接种NVX-CoV2373后不良事件发生率较低。在第二剂接种后第1天，NVX-CoV2373在接种部位诱导产生的IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-10浓度显著更高（<0.05）。在第二剂接种后第1天，接种部位诱导产生的Th2趋化因子CCL11和CCL17水平显著更高（<0.01），它们解释了第二剂NVX-CoV2373后IgG酶免疫分析（EIA）抗体的增强反应。
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