Virology Unit, Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
Maximum Containment Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2021;153(1 & 2):93-114. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_4431_20.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global public health crisis and research groups worldwide are engaged in developing vaccine candidates to curb its transmission, with a few vaccines having progressed to advanced stages of clinical trials. The aim of this systematic review was to compare immunogenicity and protective efficacy of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates tested in non-human primate (NHP) models.
Literature on effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in NHP models reported on PubMed and preprint platforms (medRxiv and bioRxiv) till October 22, 2020, was searched with the following terms: coronavirus vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, nonhuman primate, and rhesus macaque.
Our search yielded 19 studies, which reported immune response elicited by 18 vaccine candidates in NHP. All the vaccines induced detectable neutralizing antibody (NAb) titres in the serum of vaccinated animals, with some showing effective viral clearance from various organs. The vaccinated animals also showed nil to mild histopathological changes in their lungs compared to placebo groups in the trials that performed necropsy.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlighted onset of quick immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mRNA-1273, followed by Ad26.CoV2.S, NVX-CoV2373, BNT162b2, RBD and BBV152 vaccine candidates in preclinical trials as compared to the others. NHP data also showed correlation with clinical trial data available for a few vaccines. Preclinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in NHPs yielded promising results, with some candidates faring better than others.
COVID-19 大流行已成为全球公共卫生危机，世界各地的研究小组正在开发疫苗候选物以抑制其传播，其中一些疫苗已进入临床试验的后期阶段。本系统评价的目的是比较已在非人类灵长类动物（NHP）模型中进行测试的各种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗候选物的免疫原性和保护效力。
在 2020 年 10 月 22 日之前，通过在 PubMed 和预印本平台（medRxiv 和 bioRxiv）上搜索以下术语，检索了有关 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗在 NHP 模型中的作用的文献：冠状病毒疫苗、COVID-19 疫苗、SARS-CoV-2 疫苗、非人类灵长类动物和恒河猴。
我们的搜索结果得到了 19 项研究，这些研究报告了 18 种疫苗候选物在 NHP 中引起的免疫反应。所有疫苗都在接种动物的血清中诱导出可检测到的中和抗体（NAb）滴度，其中一些疫苗显示出从各种器官中有效清除病毒。与进行尸检的试验中的安慰剂组相比，接种动物的肺部也几乎没有或仅有轻度组织病理学变化。
我们的研究结果强调了 mRNA-1273、Ad26.CoV2.S、NVX-CoV2373、BNT162b2、RBD 和 BBV152 疫苗候选物在临床前试验中快速产生免疫原性和保护效力的情况，与其他候选物相比，这些疫苗候选物的效果更好。NHP 数据也与少数疫苗的临床试验数据相关。COVID-19 疫苗候选物在 NHP 中的临床前试验取得了有希望的结果，其中一些候选物的效果优于其他候选物。
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