Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Nat Immunol. 2024 Jan;25(1):102-116. doi: 10.1038/s41590-023-01687-8. Epub 2023 Nov 27.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have successfully treated hematological malignancies. Macrophages have also gained attention as an immunotherapy owing to their immunomodulatory capacity and ability to infiltrate solid tumors and phagocytize tumor cells. The first-generation CD3ζ-based CAR-macrophages could phagocytose tumor cells in an antigen-dependent manner. Here we engineered induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages (iMACs) with toll-like receptor 4 intracellular toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain-containing CARs resulting in a markedly enhanced antitumor effect over first-generation CAR-macrophages. Moreover, the design of a tandem CD3ζ-TIR dual signaling CAR endows iMACs with both target engulfment capacity and antigen-dependent M1 polarization and M2 resistance in a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent manner, as well as the capacity to modulate the tumor microenvironment. We also outline a mechanism of tumor cell elimination by CAR-induced efferocytosis against tumor cell apoptotic bodies. Taken together, we provide a second-generation CAR-iMAC with an ability for orthogonal phagocytosis and polarization and superior antitumor functions in treating solid tumors relative to first-generation CAR-macrophages.
嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) T 细胞疗法已成功治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤。由于巨噬细胞具有免疫调节能力和浸润实体瘤并吞噬肿瘤细胞的能力,因此也引起了人们的关注。基于第一代 CD3ζ 的 CAR-巨噬细胞能够以抗原依赖的方式吞噬肿瘤细胞。在这里,我们利用 Toll 样受体 4 细胞内 Toll/IL-1R (TIR) 结构域 CAR 对诱导多能干细胞衍生的巨噬细胞 (iMAC) 进行了工程改造,与第一代 CAR-巨噬细胞相比,其抗肿瘤效果显著增强。此外,串联 CD3ζ-TIR 双信号 CAR 的设计赋予了 iMAC 以核因子 kappa B (NF-κB) 依赖的方式同时具有靶向吞噬能力和抗原依赖性 M1 极化和 M2 抵抗的能力,以及调节肿瘤微环境的能力。我们还概述了通过 CAR 诱导的对肿瘤细胞凋亡小体的吞噬作用消除肿瘤细胞的机制。总之,与第一代 CAR-巨噬细胞相比,我们提供了具有正交吞噬作用和极化能力以及优异抗肿瘤功能的第二代 CAR-iMAC,可用于治疗实体瘤。
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