Tulem Tariku Gurara, Hordofa Mulatu Ayana
Waliso Town Health Office, Oromia Regional Health Bureau, Waliso, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, PO.BOX.240, Ambo, Ethiopia.
BMC Nutr. 2023 Nov 27;9(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s40795-023-00787-w.
Food insecurity is the underlying cause of malnutrition. In addition, it is a condition where people lack consistent access to enough food for every person in a household to live an active and healthy life. Recently, urban food insecurity has been on the top agenda in Ethiopia, as households prone to food insecurity are rising because of various factors. Hence, we aimed to assess the prevalence of food insecurity and associated factors among households in Waliso town, Oromia, Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study design was used from December 17, 2021, to January 16, 2022, among 397 randomly selected households in Waliso town. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data collection was performed using a structured questionnaire, and data were entered using Epi Info 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. To identify factors associated with household food insecurity, multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done. An adjusted odds ratio along with a 95% confidence interval were estimated to measure the strength of the association. In this study, the level of statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.
The prevalence of household food insecurity was 63.4%, 95% CI (58.60%, 68.20%). Factors associated with household food insecurity were family sizes 6 + [AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: (1.35, 6.94)], dependents 1-2 [AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: (1.35, 5.10)], dependents 3 + [AOR = 3.07, 95% CI: (1.38, 7.40)], unemployed [AOR = 6.86, 95% CI: (2.76, 17.04)], self-employed [AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: (1.50, 7.14)], wage laborers [AOR = 13.01, 95% CI: (4.93, 34.38)], low wealth index [AOR = 4.08, 95% CI: (2.18, 7.64)], and a medium wealth index [AOR = 2.08, 95% CI: (1.18, 3.69)].
Nearly two in three households were food insecure in Waliso Town. Large family sizes, a high dependency ratio, unemployment, low wage employment, and a low wealth index were significantly associated with food insecurity. Hence, the implementation of actions to improve household income and livelihoods, minimize dependency rates, by strengthen the use of family planning and encourage urban agriculture is vital to alleviate household food insecurity problems in the town.
粮食不安全是营养不良的根本原因。此外，它是一种人们无法持续获得足够食物以使家庭中的每个人都能过上积极健康生活的状况。最近，城市粮食不安全问题一直是埃塞俄比亚的首要议程，因为由于各种因素，容易出现粮食不安全的家庭数量正在增加。因此，我们旨在评估埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州瓦利索镇家庭粮食不安全的患病率及其相关因素。
2021年12月17日至2022年1月16日，在瓦利索镇随机抽取397户家庭，采用基于社区的横断面研究设计。研究参与者采用简单随机抽样技术选取。使用结构化问卷进行数据收集，数据录入Epi Info 7并导出到SPSS 20版软件进行分析。为了确定与家庭粮食不安全相关的因素，进行了多变量二元逻辑回归分析。估计调整后的比值比以及95%置信区间以衡量关联强度。在本研究中，统计学显著性水平设定为p < 0.05。
家庭粮食不安全的患病率为63.4%，95%置信区间为(58.60%, 68.20%)。与家庭粮食不安全相关的因素包括家庭规模6人及以上[AOR = 3.06，95%置信区间：(1.35, 6.94)]、受抚养人1 - 2人[AOR = 2.62，95%置信区间：(1.35, 5.10)]、受抚养人3人及以上[AOR = 3.07，95%置信区间：(1.38, 7.40)]、失业[AOR = 6.86，95%置信区间：(2.76, 17.04)]、个体经营[AOR = 3.27，95%置信区间：(1.50, 7.14)]、雇佣劳动者[AOR = 13.01，95%置信区间：(4.93, 34.38)]、低财富指数[AOR = 4.08，95%置信区间：(2.18, 7.64)]和中等财富指数[AOR = 2.08，95%置信区间：(1.18, 3.69)]。
在瓦利索镇，近三分之二的家庭粮食不安全。大家庭规模、高抚养比、失业、低工资就业和低财富指数与粮食不安全显著相关。因此，采取行动提高家庭收入和生计、通过加强计划生育使用和鼓励城市农业来尽量降低抚养率，对于缓解该镇的家庭粮食不安全问题至关重要。
