Tonkiss J, Smart J L, Massey R F
Br J Nutr. 1987 Jan;57(1):3-11. doi: 10.1079/bjn19870004.
Rat pups were artificially reared (AR) from post-natal day 5 by intermittent gastric infusion. Mother-reared (MR) siblings served as controls. Fourteen measures of body and organ growth were taken at the end of each experiment. In Expt 1, two batches of pups were given rats' milk only, obtained by manual expression from anaesthetized dams. The first batch, reared to 12 d, grew less well than the MR group, probably because they received too little milk. However, relative to body-weight, organ weights were as great or greater than those of MR pups, except for heart weight. The second batch, given more milk and reared to 20 d, showed no deficits in organ or body-weights, but excesses in kidney, gastrocnemius muscle, stomach and caecum weights. There were no losses from 'bloat', a condition of gastrointestinal distention often encountered in artificial rearing with milk substitutes. Obtaining rats' milk is extremely labour-intensive and in Expt 2, more economical regimens were devised in which pups were started off on expressed rats' milk and then changed to a milk substitute resembling rats' milk in composition, either abruptly at 12 d or gradually between 8 and 17 d. Both regimens were successful, in that there were no losses from bloat and most measures of growth were at least as great as in the MR group. Only heart weight was lower in both AR groups and adrenal weight in the abruptly changed AR group. The weights of the stomach and caecum and the length of the small intestine were all high in both AR groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
从出生后第5天起，通过间歇性胃内灌注对乳鼠进行人工饲养（AR）。由母鼠饲养（MR）的同窝仔鼠作为对照。在每个实验结束时，对身体和器官生长的14项指标进行了测量。在实验1中，两组乳鼠只给予通过手工从麻醉的母鼠获取的大鼠乳汁。第一批饲养至12天，生长情况不如MR组，可能是因为它们摄入的乳汁过少。然而，相对于体重而言，除了心脏重量外，器官重量与MR乳鼠的一样大或更大。第二批给予了更多乳汁并饲养至20天，器官和体重均无缺陷，但肾脏、腓肠肌、胃和盲肠重量超标。没有出现“腹胀”导致的损失，“腹胀”是人工饲养代乳品时常见的胃肠道扩张状况。获取大鼠乳汁极为耗费人力，在实验2中，设计了更经济的方案，即乳鼠先开始喂挤出来的大鼠乳汁，然后突然在12天时或在8至17天之间逐渐换成成分与大鼠乳汁相似的代乳品。两种方案均成功，即没有因腹胀导致的损失，且大多数生长指标至少与MR组一样好。仅两个AR组的心脏重量较低，突然更换代乳品的AR组肾上腺重量较低。两个AR组的胃和盲肠重量以及小肠长度均较高。（摘要截短于250字）
