School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Sep;202(9):3871-3885. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03969-6. Epub 2023 Nov 28.
We aimed to investigate the association between the dietary zinc intake and the risk of albuminuria, low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the US general population. This study was a cross-sectional study utilizing the data from the 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Albuminuria was defined as urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) > 30 mg/g. Low eGFR was defined as an eGFR of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m. CKD is characterized by albuminuria or low eGFR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, subgroup analyses, interaction tests, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were performed in this study. For 37,195 enrolled participants in this study, the mean dietary zinc intake was 11.85 ± 0.07 mg/day, and the rate of albuminuria, low eGFR, and CKD was 9.37%, 6.68%, and 14.10%, respectively. Participants with a higher dietary zinc intake showed a lower risk of albuminuria, low eGFR, and CKD. In the fully adjusted model, we found that participants in the highest dietary zinc intake quartile had 26% lower odds of the rate of CKD than those in quartile 1. Subgroup analyses showed that dietary zinc intake was positively associated with the risk of low eGFR in participants who were now smokers. The potential nonlinear relationship between dietary zinc intake and the risk of CKD and albuminuria was also revealed. Higher dietary zinc intake was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of CKD, which might be helpful in kidney function protection among the general population.
我们旨在探讨美国普通人群中膳食锌摄入量与白蛋白尿、低估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）和慢性肾脏病（CKD）风险之间的关系。本研究采用了 2003-2018 年全国健康和营养调查的数据，进行了一项横断面研究。白蛋白尿定义为尿白蛋白：肌酐比值（ACR）>30mg/g。低 eGFR 定义为 eGFR 低于 60mL/min/1.73m。CKD 的特征是白蛋白尿或低 eGFR。本研究进行了多变量逻辑回归分析、亚组分析、交互检验和限制立方样条（RCS）分析。在这项研究中，纳入了 37195 名参与者，平均膳食锌摄入量为 11.85±0.07mg/天，白蛋白尿、低 eGFR 和 CKD 的发生率分别为 9.37%、6.68%和 14.10%。膳食锌摄入量较高的参与者患白蛋白尿、低 eGFR 和 CKD 的风险较低。在完全调整模型中，我们发现膳食锌摄入量最高 quartile 的参与者发生 CKD 的几率比 quartile 1 的参与者低 26%。亚组分析表明，在目前吸烟的参与者中，膳食锌摄入量与低 eGFR 风险呈正相关。膳食锌摄入量与 CKD 和白蛋白尿风险之间的潜在非线性关系也得到了揭示。较高的膳食锌摄入量与 CKD 的可能性降低显著相关，这可能有助于普通人群保护肾功能。
