Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Adisseo USA, Inc, Alpharetta, GA 30022, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2023 Jan 3;101. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad390.
Carbohydrase supplementation in grow-finish pig diets improves energy, nutrient digestibility, and gastrointestinal function, but their efficacy in gestation diets is understudied. The experimental objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a multicarbohydrase to improve digestion, energetics, and various physiological functions in gestating sows fed soluble and insoluble fiber diets. On day 28 of gestation, 36 sows (186 ± 4.6 kg body weight), blocked by parity, were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments (n = 9). Factors included fiber type of insoluble (IF; 20% dried distiller grains with solubles) or soluble fiber (SF; 20% sugar beet pulp) and with (+) or without (-) enzyme (0.05%, Rovabio Advance P10; Adisseo, Antony, France). Diets were fed from days 28 to 109 of gestation at a feeding level of 2.1 kg (SID-Lys 11 g/d and 4.5 net energy-Mcal/d). Two separate 9-d metabolism periods were conducted on days 50 to 59 (mid) and 99 to 108 (late) of gestation. During each period, days 1 to 3 served as an adaptation period, days 4 to 7 total urine and feces were collected (96-h) and followed by a 48-h lactulose-mannitol study. Serum and plasma were collected on days 50 and 99. Data were analyzed as repeated records using a linear mixed model with block as a random effect and fiber type, enzyme, and period and their interactions as fixed effects. Sows fed SF+ had increased serum IL-1ra (Fiber × Enzyme P = 0.035), and IL-2 (Fiber × Enzyme P = 0.042). In the presence of IF, multicarbohydrases increased serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, but not when supplemented with SF (Fiber × Enzyme P = 0.028). Circulating IL-8 and TNF-α were decreased in sows fed multicarbohydrases (P < 0.05). Multicarbohydrase supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), dry matter, and neutral detergent fiber by 2.8%, 3.4%, and 8.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared to IF-, the ATTD of hemicellulose was 5.3% greater in sows fed IF+ but did not differ from SF- and SF+ (Fiber × Enzyme P = 0.037). Sows fed IF+ had the greatest ATTD of insoluble dietary fiber (Fiber × Enzyme P = 0.011). Sows fed multicarbohydrases excreted less energy in their urine (519 vs. 469 GE kcal/d; Enzyme P = 0.033) and in their feces (985 vs. 900 GE kcal/d; Enzyme P = 0.003). This resulted in an improvement in both digestible energy (Enzyme P < 0.01) and metabolizable energy (Enzyme P = 0.041), irrespective of fiber type. In conclusion, multicarbohydrase supplementation increased the digestibility and energetic contribution of fiber, irrespective of adaptation time or fiber type, but modulation of inflammatory responses was unique to dietary fiber type.
在生长-育肥猪日粮中添加碳水化合物酶可提高能量、养分消化率和胃肠道功能，但它们在妊娠日粮中的功效研究较少。本实验的目的是评估多种碳水化合物酶对饲喂可溶性和不溶性纤维日粮的妊娠母猪的消化、能量和各种生理功能的功效。在妊娠第 28 天，36 头母猪（186±4.6 千克体重）按胎次分为两组，随机分配到 2×2 因子的日粮处理（n=9）。因素包括不溶性纤维（IF；20%干燥酒糟可溶物）或可溶性纤维（SF；20%甜菜浆）和有（+）或没有（-）酶（0.05%，Rovabio Advance P10；Adisseo，Antony，France）。从妊娠第 28 天到第 109 天，母猪的采食量为 2.1 千克（SID-赖氨酸 11 克/天和 4.5 净能-Mcal/天）。在妊娠第 50 天到第 59 天（中期）和第 99 天到第 108 天（后期）进行了两次单独的 9 天代谢期。在每个时期，第 1 天到第 3 天为适应期，第 4 天到第 7 天收集总尿液和粪便（96 小时），然后进行 48 小时乳果糖-甘露醇研究。在妊娠第 50 天和第 99 天采集血清和血浆。数据采用线性混合模型进行分析，采用块作为随机效应，纤维类型、酶和周期及其相互作用作为固定效应。与 SF+组相比，SF+组母猪血清中 IL-1ra（纤维×酶 P=0.035）和 IL-2（纤维×酶 P=0.042）增加。在 IF 存在的情况下，多种碳水化合物酶增加了血清脂多糖结合蛋白，但在添加 SF 时则没有（纤维×酶 P=0.028）。与对照组相比，添加多种碳水化合物酶降低了母猪血清中 IL-8 和 TNF-α的水平（P＜0.05）。与 IF-组相比，添加多种碳水化合物酶提高了总能（GE）、干物质和中性洗涤纤维的表观总肠道消化率（ATTD），分别提高了 2.8%、3.4%和 8.3%（P＜0.05）。与 SF-和 SF+相比，IF+组母猪的半纤维素 ATTD 提高了 5.3%（纤维×酶 P=0.037）。与 IF-组相比，IF+组母猪的不溶性膳食纤维 ATTD 最大（纤维×酶 P=0.011）。添加多种碳水化合物酶的母猪尿液中（519 比 469 GE 千卡/天；酶 P=0.033）和粪便中（985 比 900 GE 千卡/天；酶 P=0.003）排泄的能量更少。这导致可消化能量（酶 P＜0.01）和代谢能（酶 P=0.041）都得到了改善，与纤维类型无关。总之，多种碳水化合物酶的添加提高了纤维的消化率和能量贡献，与适应时间或纤维类型无关，但对炎症反应的调节是纤维类型特有的。
