Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
Servicio de Prevención de la Enfermedad, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2023 Dec;99(6):393-402. doi: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.11.006. Epub 2023 Nov 27.
The main preventive measure against invasive meningococcal disease is vaccination. The aim of our study was to evaluate the acceptability of the meningococcal B (MenB) vaccine and socioeconomic inequalities in the access to the vaccine in the Community of Madrid in the period prior to its introduction in the immunization schedule.
We conducted an observational and ecological descriptive study in the cohort of children born between 2016 and 2019 using population-based electronic records. We calculated the vaccination coverage and analysed factors associated with vaccination status, determined the spatial distribution of vaccination coverage and the deprivation index (DI) and assessed the association between them by means of spatial regression.
We observed an increasing trend in primary vaccination coverage, from 44% in the cohort born in 2016 to 68% in the 2019 cohort. We found a statistically significant association between vaccination status and the DI (OR of primary vaccination in areas with DI5 compared to areas with DP1, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-0.50; P<.001). The spatial analysis showed an inverse correlation between the DI and vaccination coverage.
The rise in the coverages of the MenB vaccine shows acceptance by the population. The association between socioeconomic level and vaccination coverage confirms the existence of health inequality and underlines the importance including this vaccine in the immunization schedule.
预防侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病的主要措施是接种疫苗。我们研究的目的是评估在马德里社区，在脑膜炎 B 型（MenB）疫苗引入免疫计划之前，该疫苗的可接受性以及获得该疫苗的社会经济不平等情况。
我们使用基于人群的电子记录，对 2016 年至 2019 年期间出生的儿童队列进行了观察性和生态描述性研究。我们计算了疫苗接种覆盖率，并分析了与接种状况相关的因素，确定了疫苗接种覆盖率和贫困指数（DI）的空间分布，并通过空间回归评估了它们之间的关联。
我们观察到初级疫苗接种覆盖率呈上升趋势，从 2016 年出生的队列中的 44%上升到 2019 年出生的队列中的 68%。我们发现接种状况与 DI 之间存在统计学显著关联（与 DI5 地区相比，DP1 地区初级接种的比值比为 0.38；95%置信区间，0.39-0.50；P<.001）。空间分析显示，DI 和疫苗接种覆盖率之间存在负相关。
MenB 疫苗覆盖率的上升表明该疫苗得到了民众的认可。社会经济水平与疫苗接种覆盖率之间的关联证实了健康不平等的存在，并强调了将该疫苗纳入免疫计划的重要性。
