健康素养和吸烟危害认知对戒烟意愿及其强度的影响：基于中国居民健康素养监测数据的实证研究。
The influence of health literacy and knowledge about smoking hazards on the intention to quit smoking and its intensity: an empirical study based on the data of China's health literacy investigation.
机构信息
Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2023 Nov 28;23(1):2355. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17292-1.
OBJECTIVE
This study explored the relationship between smokers' health literacy, knowledge of smoking hazards, and their intention to quit.
METHODS
Based on data from the 2019 Health Literacy and Tobacco Use Surveillance among residents of a city in Zhejiang Province, 1120 male smokers were screened. Differential tests were used to analyze whether smokers with varying levels of health literacy and knowledge about smoking hazards differed in their intention to quit smoking and the intensity of their intention. A multi-factor logistic regression model was constructed to explore the extent of these differences.
RESULTS
Only 24.8% of smokers had higher health literacy. Among smokers, those with an intention to quit had a higher health literacy level compared to those without such intention (32.7% vs. 17.0%, p < 0.001). Health literacy levels did not differ significantly between groups with different intensity of intention to quit (34.2% vs. 31.9% vs. 30.1%, p = 0.435). About 48.7% of the smokers a higher level of knowledge about smoking hazards. It was more prevalent in the intent to quit group compared to the no intent to quit group (54.0% vs. 43.4%, p < 0.001), and the low intent to quit group had lower knowledge compared to the moderate and high intent to quit groups (49.1% vs. 56.6% vs. 63.4%, p = 0.011). After adjusting for other influences, smokers with lower health literacy were less likely to have intention to quit (OR = 0.659, p = 0.016). And the association between knowledge about smoking hazards and whether smokers have the intention to quit is no longer significant, but it significantly affects the intensity of the intention to quit among smokers who already have the intention (OR = 0.623, p = 0.005).
CONCLUSION
General health literacy may play a role in facilitating smokers' progression from the stage of no intent to quit to one of intent to quit, but a more specific understanding of the harms of smoking may be needed to increase the strength of intent to quit.
目的
本研究探讨了吸烟者健康素养、吸烟危害认知与戒烟意愿之间的关系。
方法
基于浙江省某城市居民 2019 年健康素养与烟草使用监测数据，对 1120 名男性吸烟者进行筛查。采用差异检验分析不同健康素养和吸烟危害认知水平的吸烟者在戒烟意愿及其强度方面是否存在差异。构建多因素逻辑回归模型探讨这些差异的程度。
结果
仅有 24.8%的吸烟者具有较高的健康素养。在吸烟者中，有戒烟意愿者的健康素养水平高于无戒烟意愿者（32.7%比 17.0%，p<0.001）。不同戒烟意愿强度组之间的健康素养水平无显著差异（34.2%比 31.9%比 30.1%，p=0.435）。约 48.7%的吸烟者对吸烟危害有较高的认知水平。在有戒烟意愿组中比无戒烟意愿组更为普遍（54.0%比 43.4%，p<0.001），在低戒烟意愿组中比中、高戒烟意愿组更低（49.1%比 56.6%比 63.4%，p=0.011）。在调整其他因素后，健康素养水平较低的吸烟者戒烟意愿较低（OR=0.659，p=0.016）。而吸烟危害认知与吸烟者是否有戒烟意愿之间的关联不再显著，但对已经有戒烟意愿的吸烟者的戒烟意愿强度有显著影响（OR=0.623，p=0.005）。
结论
一般健康素养可能在促进吸烟者从不打算戒烟向打算戒烟的阶段转变中发挥作用，但可能需要更具体地了解吸烟的危害，以增强戒烟意愿的强度。
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