Scott G Richard, Navega David, Vlemincq-Mendieta Tatiana, Dern Laresa L, O'Rourke Dennis H, Hlusko Leslea J, Hoffecker John F
Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Am J Biol Anthropol. 2025 Jan;186(1):e24878. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.24878. Epub 2023 Nov 28.
Through biodistance analyses, anthropologists have used dental morphology to elucidate how people moved into and throughout the Americas. Here, we apply a method that focuses on individuals rather than sample frequencies through the application rASUDAS2, based on a naïve Bayes' algorithm.
Using the database of C.G. Turner II, we calculated the probability that an individual could be assigned to one of seven biogeographic groups (American Arctic, North & South America, East Asia, Southeast Asia & Polynesia, Australo-Melanesia, Western Eurasia, & Sub-Saharan Africa) through rASUDAS2. The frequency of classifications for each biogeographic group was determined for 1418 individuals from six regions across Asia and the Americas.
Southeast Asians show mixed assignments but rarely to American Arctic or "American Indian." East Asians are assigned to East Asia half the time while 30% are assigned as Native American. People from the American Arctic and North & South America are assigned to Arctic America or non-Arctic America 75%-80% of the time, with 10%-15% classified as East Asian.
All Native American groups have a similar degree of morphological affinity to East Asia, as 10%-15% are classified as East Asian. East Asians are classified as Native American in 30% of cases. Individuals in the Western Hemisphere are decreasingly classified as Arctic the farther south they are located. Equivalent levels of classification as East Asian across all Native American groups suggests one divergence between East Asians and the population ancestral to all Native Americans. Non-arctic Native American groups are derived from the Arctic population, which represents the Native American founder group.
通过生物距离分析，人类学家利用牙齿形态来阐明人们是如何进入美洲并在美洲各地迁徙的。在此，我们应用一种基于朴素贝叶斯算法的rASUDAS2方法，该方法侧重于个体而非样本频率。
利用C.G.特纳二世的数据库，我们通过rASUDAS2计算了一个个体被归为七个生物地理群体（美洲北极地区、北美和南美、东亚、东南亚和波利尼西亚、澳大利亚-美拉尼西亚、西亚和撒哈拉以南非洲）之一的概率。确定了来自亚洲和美洲六个地区的1418名个体在每个生物地理群体中的分类频率。
东南亚人分类结果混杂，但很少被归为美洲北极地区或“美洲印第安人”。东亚人有一半被归为东亚，而30%被归为美洲原住民。来自美洲北极地区以及北美和南美的人有75%-80%的时间被归为北极美洲或非北极美洲，10%-15%被归为东亚。
所有美洲原住民群体与东亚在形态上的亲和程度相似，因为有10%-15%被归为东亚。30%的东亚人被归为美洲原住民。西半球的个体所处位置越往南，被归为北极地区的比例就越低。所有美洲原住民群体中被归为东亚的比例相当，这表明东亚人与所有美洲原住民的祖先群体之间存在一次分化。非北极美洲原住民群体源自北极群体，北极群体代表了美洲原住民的奠基群体。
