Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Dec 12;57(49):20678-20688. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06142. Epub 2023 Nov 29.
Models and laboratory studies suggest that everyday clothing influences the transdermal uptake of semivolatile organic compounds, including phthalate plasticizers, from indoor environments. However, this effect has not been documented in environmental exposure settings. In this pilot study, we quantified daily excretion of 17 urinary metabolites (μg/day) for phthalates and phthalate alternatives in nine participants during 5 days. On Day 0, baseline daily excretion was determined in participants' urine. Starting on Day 1, participants refrained from eating phthalate-heavy foods and using personal care products. On Days 3 and 4, participants wore precleaned clothing as an exposure intervention. We observed a reduction in the daily excretion of phthalates during the intervention; mono--butyl phthalate, monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and monobenzyl phthalate were significantly reduced by 35, 38, and 56%, respectively. Summed metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were also reduced (27%; not statistically significant). A similar reduction among phthalate alternatives was not observed. The daily excretion of MiBP during the nonintervention period strongly correlated with indoor air concentrations of diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), suggesting that inhalation and transdermal uptake of DiBP from the air in homes are dominant exposure pathways. The results indicate that precleaned clothing can significantly reduce environmental exposure to phthalates and phthalate alternatives.
模型和实验室研究表明，日常穿着会影响半挥发性有机化合物（包括邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂）从室内环境向皮肤的渗透吸收。然而，这一效应在环境暴露研究中尚未得到证实。在这项初步研究中，我们在 5 天内定量检测了 9 名参与者的尿液中 17 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物（μg/天）和邻苯二甲酸酯替代品的每日排泄量。在第 0 天，参与者的尿液中确定了基线每日排泄量。从第 1 天开始，参与者避免食用富含邻苯二甲酸酯的食物和使用个人护理产品。在第 3 天和第 4 天，参与者穿着预先清洁的衣服作为暴露干预措施。我们观察到，在干预期间，邻苯二甲酸酯的每日排泄量减少了；单--丁基邻苯二甲酸酯、单异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯和单苄基邻苯二甲酸酯分别显著减少了 35%、38%和 56%。邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的总和代谢物也减少了（27%；无统计学意义）。邻苯二甲酸酯替代品的类似减少并没有观察到。在非干预期间，MiBP 的每日排泄量与室内空气中的二异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（DiBP）浓度强烈相关，这表明家庭空气中的 DiBP 通过吸入和皮肤渗透是主要的暴露途径。结果表明，预先清洁的衣物可以显著减少邻苯二甲酸酯和邻苯二甲酸酯替代品的环境暴露。
