Levasseur Jessica L, Hoffman Kate, Zhang Sharon, Stapleton Heather M
Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 May 1;975:179163. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179163. Epub 2025 Mar 30.
Silicone wristbands are increasingly used as a wearable exposure tool to assess inhalation and dermal exposure to semi-volatile organic chemicals present in indoor environments. However, little research has investigated their utility in detecting exposures specifically related to personal care product (PCP) use. Here, we assessed exposure to methyl-, ethyl-, and propylparabens after applying a lotion containing a known amount of each chemical. A convenience sample of 20 adults wore a wristband and collected all urine excreted for three days over two consecutive weeks, keeping their PCP use consistent. During one of these periods, participants were provided with a lotion containing a known amount of parabens and asked to apply it daily (4.57 g applied over three days, with one pump of lotion each day). Urine and wristband samples were extracted and analyzed for parabens via LC-MS/MS. Parabens present in the lotion were detected in 100 % of wristbands across both study periods, while urinary detection of these paraben ranged from 87 to 100 % across periods. Parabens were measured at higher levels in urine and wristbands collected during the lotion application phase. For every 10 % increase in wristband paraben concentrations, the total paraben mass excreted in urine increased an average of 4 % for methylparaben (95 % CI = 3-5 %, p < 0.0001), 4 % for ethylparaben (95 % CI = 3-5 %, p < 0.0001), and 6 % for propylparaben (95 % CI = 4-7 %, p < 0.0001). This study shows that wristband concentrations reflect differences in use of a PCP containing parabens. Differences in wristband concentrations between study periods were greater than differences in urinary biomarkers of exposure, possibly because wristbands represent total potential exposure from dermal and inhalation routes. As this investigation only required a difference of one pump of lotion applied daily, the sensitivity of wristbands to capture differences in PCP use is promising.
硅胶腕带越来越多地被用作一种可穿戴的暴露工具，以评估对室内环境中存在的半挥发性有机化学物质的吸入和皮肤暴露。然而，很少有研究调查它们在检测与个人护理产品（PCP）使用相关的暴露方面的效用。在这里，我们在涂抹含有已知量每种化学物质的乳液后，评估了对甲基、乙基和丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯的暴露情况。20名成年人的便利样本佩戴腕带，并在连续两周内收集三天内排出的所有尿液，保持他们的PCP使用情况一致。在其中一个时间段内，参与者被提供一种含有已知量对羟基苯甲酸酯的乳液，并被要求每天涂抹（三天内共涂抹4.57克，每天一泵乳液）。通过LC-MS/MS对尿液和腕带样本进行提取和对羟基苯甲酸酯分析。在两个研究时间段内，100%的腕带中都检测到了乳液中存在的对羟基苯甲酸酯，而这些对羟基苯甲酸酯在尿液中的检测率在各时间段内为87%至100%。在涂抹乳液阶段收集的尿液和腕带中，对羟基苯甲酸酯的测量水平更高。腕带中对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度每增加10%，尿液中排出的对羟基苯甲酸酯总质量，甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯平均增加4%（95%CI=3-5%，p<0.0001），乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯增加4%（95%CI=3-5%，p<0.0001），丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯增加6%（95%CI=4-7%，p<0.0001）。这项研究表明，腕带浓度反映了含有对羟基苯甲酸酯的PCP使用情况的差异。研究时间段之间腕带浓度的差异大于暴露的尿液生物标志物的差异，可能是因为腕带代表了来自皮肤和吸入途径的总潜在暴露。由于这项调查只需要每天涂抹乳液的量有一泵的差异，腕带捕捉PCP使用差异的敏感性很有前景。
