Rasool Tabassum, Ishtiaq Ali Muhammad, Huang Zaixing, Urynowicz Michael
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Wyoming University, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2023 Dec;30(12):103850. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103850. Epub 2023 Oct 30.
The present study demonstrates the potential of an integrated vertical flow-constructed wetland (IVFCW) for simultaneously treating black liquor and domestic wastewater. IVFCW was operated and monitored for 12 samples with the frequency of one sample per week with the following specifications viz,4 L of wastewater, a blend of 1:1 of pulp and paper industry effluent (black liquor BL), and domestic wastewater, was fed daily in a continuous mode with organic loading rate (OLR) of 1230 mg COD/L-Day, at a temperature range of 40-45℃ (natural temperature of the workstation). Valves controlled each chamber's hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days and flow rate of 10 mL/minute. The IVFCW showed remarkable efficiency in removing various pollutants, including total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS), by 100 % and 83 %, respectively, and organic contaminants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) by 80 % and 81 %, respectively. Moreover, the IVFCW efficiently reduced nutrients such as sulfates (SO₄), phosphates (PO₄), and total nitrogen by about 81 %, 63 %, and 61 %, respectively. The treatment also led to the reduction of lignin content by 83 %. Microbiological analysis revealed a significant reduction in fecal coliforms, and microbial profiling of roots confirmed the presence of bacteria involved in lignin degradation. Seed germination and seedling survival were found to be negativelyaffected by untreated wastewater in a phytotoxicity study, suggesting that the wastewater's toxic chemicals could be harmful to plant life.This study highlights the effectiveness of IVFCW as a sustainable, economically viable, and resilient wastewater treatment system for mitigating environmental concerns related to the release of untreated wastewater.
本研究证明了一体化垂直流人工湿地（IVFCW）同时处理黑液和生活污水的潜力。对IVFCW进行了为期12个样本的运行和监测，每周采集一个样本，具体规格如下：每天以连续模式投喂4升废水，该废水为纸浆和造纸工业废水（黑液BL）与生活污水按1:1混合而成，有机负荷率（OLR）为1230毫克化学需氧量/升·天，温度范围为40 - 45℃（工作站的自然温度）。阀门控制每个隔室的水力停留时间（HRT）为3天，流速为10毫升/分钟。IVFCW在去除各种污染物方面表现出显著效率，包括总悬浮固体（TSS）和总溶解固体（TDS），去除率分别为100%和83%，以及化学需氧量（COD）和生化需氧量（BOD）等有机污染物，去除率分别为80%和81%。此外，IVFCW分别有效降低了硫酸盐（SO₄）、磷酸盐（PO₄）和总氮等营养物质约81%、63%和61%。该处理还使木质素含量降低了83%。微生物分析显示粪便大肠菌群显著减少，对根系的微生物分析证实了存在参与木质素降解的细菌。在一项植物毒性研究中发现，未经处理的废水对种子萌发和幼苗存活有负面影响，这表明废水中的有毒化学物质可能对植物生命有害。本研究强调了IVFCW作为一种可持续、经济可行且具有韧性的废水处理系统，对于缓解与未经处理废水排放相关的环境问题的有效性。
