van Stiphout Lisa, Rolfes Jeremy, Waardenburg Sophie, Kimman Merel, Guinand Nils, Pérez Fornos Angélica, Van Rompaey Vincent, van de Berg Raymond
Division of Balance Disorders, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology (KEMTA), Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Front Neurol. 2023 Nov 1;14:1221037. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1221037. eCollection 2023.
The Bilateral Vestibulopathy Questionnaire (BVQ) is a recently developed 54-item Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) that evaluates the clinically important symptoms of bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) and its impact on daily life. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the BVQ in a large BVP cohort.
Patients diagnosed with BVP were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, including the BVQ, the EuroQol-5D-5L, the Health Utilities Index, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Oscillopsia Severity Questionnaire. The construct validity of the BVQ was evaluated by confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (CFA and EFA), followed by hypotheses testing and known groups validity. Structural properties were explored for each individual item. Reliability was assessed by testing the internal consistency of the BVQ constructs (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)].
A total of 148 patients with BVP (50% women, mean age 66 years) completed the set of questionnaires. The CFA did not show a satisfactory model in the original BVQ. However, the EFA showed a four-factor solution with 20 Likert-scale items related to oscillopsia, imbalance, emotion, and cognition. The succeeding CFA provided evidence for construct validity and an acceptable model of fit. Hypothesis testing confirmed that this shortened version validly measures the constructs to be measured. Statistically significant differences in scores between known groups were found, providing further support for good construct validity. The structural properties were acceptable. Cronbach's alpha confirmed good internal consistency for the four constructs, ranging from 0.80 to 0.89. The ICCs of the 20 Likert-scale items and four visual analog scale (VAS) items were interpreted as good (range 0.76-0.93).
This study showed evidence of good construct validity of the new shortened version of the BVQ, consisting of four constructs with a total of 20 Likert-scale items and four VAS items. The final 24-item BVQ proved to be a reliable and valid multi-item PROM that captures the clinically important symptoms of BVP and evaluates its impact on daily life. Consequently, the BVQ enables the gathering of high-level evidence of treatment effectiveness in a systematic and quantitative manner.
双侧前庭病变问卷（BVQ）是最近开发的一种包含54个条目的患者报告结局指标（PROM），用于评估双侧前庭病变（BVP）的重要临床症状及其对日常生活的影响。本研究旨在评估BVQ在一个大型BVP队列中的结构效度和信度。
诊断为BVP的患者被要求完成一组问卷，包括BVQ、欧洲五维健康量表（EuroQol-5D-5L）、健康效用指数、头晕残障量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表和视振荡严重程度问卷。通过验证性和探索性因子分析（CFA和EFA）评估BVQ的结构效度，随后进行假设检验和已知组效度检验。对每个单独条目进行结构特性探索。通过测试BVQ结构的内部一致性（Cronbach's alpha）和重测信度[组内相关系数（ICC）]评估信度。
共有148例BVP患者（50%为女性，平均年龄66岁）完成了这组问卷。CFA在原始BVQ中未显示出令人满意的模型。然而，EFA显示了一个四因子解决方案，包含20个与视振荡、失衡、情绪和认知相关的李克特量表条目。后续的CFA为结构效度和可接受的拟合模型提供了证据。假设检验证实这个缩短版有效地测量了要测量的结构。在已知组之间发现了得分的统计学显著差异，为良好的结构效度提供了进一步支持。结构特性是可接受的。Cronbach's alpha证实四个结构具有良好的内部一致性，范围为0.80至0.89。20个李克特量表条目和四个视觉模拟量表（VAS）条目的ICC被解释为良好（范围为0.76 - 0.93）。
本研究表明新的缩短版BVQ具有良好的结构效度，由四个结构组成，共有20个李克特量表条目和四个VAS条目。最终的24项BVQ被证明是一个可靠且有效的多条目PROM，它捕捉了BVP的重要临床症状并评估其对日常生活的影响。因此，BVQ能够以系统和定量的方式收集治疗效果的高级证据。
