Investigating the role of genetic variation in and in the domestication of gilthead seabream ( Linnaeus) and European seabass ( Linnaeus).

Gene function conservation is crucial in molecular ecology, especially for key traits like growth and maturation in teleost fish. The and genes are known to influence age-at-maturity in Atlantic salmon, but their impact on other fish species is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the association of and in the domestication of gilthead seabream and European seabass, both undergoing selective breeding for growth-related traits in the Mediterranean. We analysed two different sets of samples using two different genotyping approaches. The first dataset comprised farmed and wild populations from Greece, genotyped for SNPs within the two genes ('gene-level genotyping'). The second dataset examined 300-600 k SNPs located in the chromosomes of the two genes, derived from a meta-analysis of a Pool-Seq experiment involving farmed and wild populations distributed widely across the Mediterranean ('chromosome-level genotyping'). The gene-level analysis revealed a statistically significant allele frequency differences between farmed and wild populations on both genes in each species. This finding was partially supported by the chromosome-level analysis, identifying highly differentiated regions may be involved in the domestication process at varying distances from the candidate genes. Noteworthy genomic features were found, such as a CpG island in gilthead seabream and novel candidate genes in European seabass, warranting further investigation. These findings support a putative role of and in the maturation and growth of gilthead seabream and European seabass, emphasizing the need for further research on their conserved function.