Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023;48(9):1403-1410. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220534.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal proliferative malignant tumor of plasma cells in bone marrow. With the aging of population in China, the incidence of MM is on the rise. Multiple myeloma bone disease (MBD) is one of the common clinical manifestations of MM, and 80%-90% of MM patients are accompanied by osteolytic lesions at the time of their first visit to the clinic. MBD not only increases the disability rate of patients, but also severely reduces the physical function of patients due to skeletal lesions and bone-related events. Currently available drugs for treating of MBD are ineffective and associated with side effects. Therefore, it is important to find new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MBD. It is generally believed that the increased osteoclast activity and suppressed osteoblast function are the main pathologic mechanisms for MBD. However, more and more studies have suggested that soluble molecules in the bone marrow microenvironment, including cytokines, extracellular bodies, and metabolites, play an important role in the development of MBD. Therefore, exploring the occurrence and potential molecular mechanisms for MBD from multiple perspectives, and identifying the predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets are of significance for the clinical treatment of MBD.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是骨髓中浆细胞的克隆性增生性恶性肿瘤。随着中国人口老龄化，MM 的发病率呈上升趋势。多发性骨髓瘤骨病（MBD）是 MM 的常见临床表现之一，80%-90%的 MM 患者在首次就诊时就伴有溶骨性病变。MBD 不仅增加了患者的残疾率，还因骨骼病变和与骨骼相关的事件严重降低了患者的身体功能。目前用于治疗 MBD 的药物疗效不佳且存在副作用。因此，寻找治疗 MBD 的新治疗方法很重要。一般认为，破骨细胞活性增加和成骨细胞功能受抑制是 MBD 的主要病理机制。然而，越来越多的研究表明，骨髓微环境中的可溶性分子，包括细胞因子、细胞外体和代谢物，在 MBD 的发展中起重要作用。因此，从多个角度探讨 MBD 的发生及潜在分子机制，鉴定预测生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点，对于 MBD 的临床治疗具有重要意义。
