Will Short Peptides Revolutionize Chelation Therapy?

It will soon be twenty years since the last chelating agent was clinically approved to be used against toxic metals. Even though metal poisoning has been known to humankind for centuries, only about a dozen compounds, all of which are small molecules, compose the pharmaceutical toolbox to expel intrinsically toxic or essential but misregulated metals. These compounds widely suffer from various drawbacks, most critically, poor metal selectivity. Can medicinal inorganic chemistry offer modern solutions to these old challenges? In this perspective, the opportunities and advantages of harnessing short peptides for chelation therapy are described. While broadly aiming to address various toxic metals, achievements in targeting lead (Pb) with peptides reveal the unexplored potential hidden in this chemical space and raise the possibility that peptides may reform chelation therapy.