Khatanbaatar Igori, Nyamdolgor Uranbileg, Chinchuluun Boldbaatar, Naranbaatar Khandsuren, Taubert Anja, Hermosilla Carlos R, Suchentrunk Franz, Knauer Felix, Burger Pamela A, Battsetseg Gonchigoo
School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Nov 23;10:1296335. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1296335. eCollection 2023.
The two-humped Bactrian camel () is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of Central Asia. Domestic Bactrian camels are economically important in Mongolia and other Central Asian countries. These animals are used for transport, milk and meat production, and camel racing which is a great culture of nomads. Eimeriosis, also known as coccidiosis, is considered as an economically important parasitic diseases in Bactrian camels. There is still considerable lack of data concerning the spectrum of monoxenous species, their epizootiology as well as their precise life cycles in Bactrian camels. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of species in camelids from southern part of Mongolia.
A total of 536 fresh camel fecal samples ( = 536) collected from herds located in five different Aimags (provinces) of Mongolia were examined. spp. oocysts were isolated using the sugar flotation technique, and after sporulation, oocysts were identified by morphometric evaluation.
We identified the most common species infecting Mongolian Bactrian camels: (22.3%), (37.3%) and (27.7%). Interestingly, mixed infections were detected in 24.8% ( = 133) of the samples, while 39.0% ( = 209) were negative for coccidian stages. To investigate the immunogenetic response of the Mongolian Bactrian camels to spp. infection, we screened the genetic diversity in a functional important immune response gene of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We detected two polymorphic sites in the MHC class II exon 2, which translated into one non-synonymous and one synonymous amino acid (aa) change.
The resulting aa alleles were not significantly associated with any of the three detected species infections, nor could we show heterozygote advantage in non-infected Mongolian Bactrian camels. Further investigations on molecular epidemiology, culture, pathogenicity and host-parasite interactions will be necessary to better understand the impact of eimeriosis in Bactrian camels.
双峰驼（）是一种原产于中亚草原的大型偶蹄类动物。家养双峰驼在蒙古和其他中亚国家具有重要的经济意义。这些动物用于运输、产奶和产肉，以及骆驼赛跑，这是游牧民族的一种重要文化。艾美耳球虫病，也称为球虫病，被认为是双峰驼中一种具有重要经济意义的寄生虫病。关于双峰驼中单一宿主球虫种类的范围、它们的动物流行病学以及它们精确的生命周期，仍然存在相当大的数据缺口。本研究旨在确定蒙古南部骆驼科动物中球虫种类的流行情况。
对从蒙古五个不同省份的牧群中收集的总共536份新鲜骆驼粪便样本（=536）进行了检查。使用糖浮选技术分离球虫属卵囊，孢子化后，通过形态学评估鉴定卵囊。
我们确定了感染蒙古双峰驼的最常见球虫种类：（22.3%）、（37.3%）和（27.7%）。有趣的是，在24.8%（=133）的样本中检测到混合感染，而39.0%（=209）的样本在球虫阶段呈阴性。为了研究蒙古双峰驼对球虫属感染的免疫遗传反应，我们筛选了主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）的一个功能重要的免疫反应基因中的遗传多样性。我们在MHC II类外显子2中检测到两个多态性位点，这转化为一个非同义氨基酸和一个同义氨基酸（aa）变化。
所得的氨基酸等位基因与检测到的三种球虫种类感染中的任何一种均无显著关联，我们也未能在未感染的蒙古双峰驼中显示杂合子优势。有必要进一步开展分子流行病学、球虫培养、致病性和宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用的研究，以更好地了解艾美耳球虫病对双峰驼的影响。
