Zhou Yawen, Shen Yujun, Wang Huihui, Jia Yiman, Ding Jingtao, Fan Shengyuan, Li Danyang, Zhang Aiqin, Zhou Haibin, Xu Qing, Li Qian
Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Environ Technol. 2024 Nov;45(25):5332-5345. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2291418. Epub 2023 Dec 15.
Biochar addition plays an important role in manure composting, but its driving mechanism on microbial succession and humification process of human excreta composting is still unclear. In the present study, the mechanism of biochar addition was explored by analysing the humification process and microbial succession pattern of human excreta aerobic composting without and with 10% biochar (HF and BHF). Results indicated that BHF improved composting temperature, advanced the thermophilic phase by 1 d, increased the germination index by 49.03%, promoted the growth rate of humic acid content by 17.46%, and raised the compost product with the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid (HA/FA) by 16.19%. Biochar regulated the diversity of fungi and bacteria, increasing the relative abundance of and in the thermophilic phase, and , , and in the mature phase, which accelerates the humification. Bacterial communities' succession had an obvious correlation with the total carbon, total nitrogen, and temperature ( < 0.05), while the succession of fungal communities was influenced by the HA/FA and pH ( < 0.05). This study could provide a reference for the improvement of on-site human excreta harmless by extending the thermophilic phase, and facilitating the humification in human excreta compost with biochar addition.
添加生物炭在粪便堆肥中起着重要作用，但其对人粪便堆肥微生物演替和腐殖化过程的驱动机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，通过分析添加10%生物炭（HF和BHF）和不添加生物炭的人粪便好氧堆肥的腐殖化过程和微生物演替模式，探讨了添加生物炭的机制。结果表明，BHF提高了堆肥温度，将嗜热阶段提前了1天，使发芽指数提高了49.03%，促进了腐殖酸含量的增长率17.46%，并使堆肥产品中腐殖酸与富里酸的比例（HA/FA）提高了16.19%。生物炭调节了真菌和细菌的多样性，增加了嗜热阶段 和 的相对丰度，以及成熟阶段 、 、 和 的相对丰度，从而加速了腐殖化。细菌群落演替与总碳、总氮和温度显著相关（ < 0.05），而真菌群落演替受HA/FA和pH值影响（ < 0.05）。本研究可为通过延长嗜热阶段和促进添加生物炭的人粪便堆肥中的腐殖化来改善现场人粪便无害化处理提供参考。
