Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
Talanta. 2024 Apr 1;270:125523. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125523. Epub 2023 Dec 6.
The detection of pharmaceuticals has been an active area of research with numerous application areas ranging from therapeutic and environmental monitoring to pharmaceutical manufacturing and diagnostics. And, the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for detection of certain active pharmaceutical ingredients such as Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) mainly due to their increased manufacturing and usage. In this study, we present two optical, fluorometric and colorimetric, detection platforms for the rapid and sensitive detection of HCQ. These platforms take advantage of the interactions between the highly fluorescent dye Thioflavin T (ThT) and Tel24 G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structure, as well as the salt-induced aggregation behavior of negatively charged citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (Cit-AgNPs) in the presence of HCQ. In the fluorometric method, the addition of HCQ led to a significant and rapid decrease in the fluorescence signal of the ThT + Tel24 probe. In the colorimetric method, HCQ induced the aggregation of Cit-AgNPs in the presence of NaCl, resulting in a noticeable color change from yellowish-gray to colorless. Under the optimized conditions, the colorimetric platform exhibited a linear range of 18.0-240.0 nM and a detection limit of 9.2 nM, while the fluorometric platform showed a linear range of 0.24-5.17 μM and a detection limit of 120 nM. The selectivity of the proposed optical methods towards the target analyte was demonstrated by evaluating the response to other structurally similar small molecules. Finally, the practical applicability of both detection systems was confirmed by analyzing HCQ-spiked human urine samples that yielded average recoveries ranging from 75.4 to 110.2 % for the fluorometric platform and 86.9-98.2 % for the colorimetric platform. These results indicate the potential of the developed methods for HCQ detection in complex matrices.
药物检测一直是一个活跃的研究领域，其应用领域众多，包括治疗和环境监测、制药和诊断等。此外，由于 COVID-19 大流行的出现，对某些活性药物成分（如羟氯喹（HCQ））的检测需求有所增加，主要是因为它们的制造和使用有所增加。在这项研究中，我们提出了两种光学、荧光和比色检测平台，用于快速灵敏地检测 HCQ。这些平台利用了高度荧光染料硫黄素 T（ThT）与 Tel24 G-四链体（G4）DNA 结构之间的相互作用，以及在 HCQ 存在下带负电荷的柠檬酸根封端的银纳米粒子（Cit-AgNPs）的盐诱导聚集行为。在荧光法中，加入 HCQ 会导致 ThT+Tel24 探针的荧光信号显著且快速下降。在比色法中，HCQ 在 NaCl 存在下诱导 Cit-AgNPs 聚集，导致从黄灰色到无色的明显颜色变化。在优化条件下，比色平台的线性范围为 18.0-240.0 nM，检测限为 9.2 nM，而荧光平台的线性范围为 0.24-5.17 μM，检测限为 120 nM。通过评估对其他结构相似的小分子的响应，证明了所提出的光学方法对目标分析物的选择性。最后，通过分析 HCQ 加标人尿样，证实了两种检测系统的实际适用性，荧光平台的平均回收率为 75.4-110.2%，比色平台的平均回收率为 86.9-98.2%。这些结果表明，所开发的方法在复杂基质中检测 HCQ 具有潜力。
