Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, GC, 1983963113, Iran.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Feb;258(Pt 2):128736. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128736. Epub 2023 Dec 13.
Reducing the side effects of cancer treatment methods is an important issue. The loading efficiency and sustained release of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) have been significantly improved by creating a new method. A nanocarrier with pH sensitivity has been developed through the w/o/w emulsification method. It is loaded with 5-FU and comprises of chitosan (CS), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN). g-CN nanosheets were incorporated in CS/HAp hydrogel to improve the entrapment and loading efficiency. Drug loading efficiency and entrapment efficiency reached 48 % and 87 %, respectively, and the FTIR and XRD tests verified evidence of the formation of chemical bonds among the drug and nanocarrier. Structural analysis was done using FE-SEM. DLS and zeta potential were employed to obtain average size distribution and surface charge. The release profile of 5-FU in various conditions shows the nanoparticles' pH dependence, and the nanocomposite's controlled release is consistent with the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity were evaluated in vitro using flow cytometry and MTT analysis. The biocompatibility of CS/HAp/g-CN against MCF-7 cells was shown by the MTT method and confirmed by flow cytometry. CS/HAp/g-CN@5-FU led to the highest apoptosis rate in MCF-7 cells, indicating the nanocarrier's efficiency in killing cancer cells. These data indicate that the designed CS/HAp/g-CN@5-FU can be a potential drug for treating cancer cells.
降低癌症治疗方法的副作用是一个重要问题。通过创建一种新方法，显著提高了 5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）的载药效率和持续释放。通过 w/o/w 乳化法开发了一种具有 pH 敏感性的纳米载体，它负载有 5-FU，由壳聚糖（CS）、羟基磷灰石（HAp）和石墨相氮化碳（g-CN）组成。将 g-CN 纳米片掺入 CS/HAp 水凝胶中，以提高包封率和载药量。药物载药效率和包封效率分别达到 48%和 87%，FTIR 和 XRD 测试验证了药物和纳米载体之间形成化学键的证据。使用 FE-SEM 进行结构分析。DLS 和 zeta 电位用于获得平均粒径分布和表面电荷。在各种条件下的 5-FU 释放曲线显示了纳米粒子的 pH 依赖性，纳米复合材料的控制释放符合 Korsmeyer-Peppas 动力学模型。通过流式细胞术和 MTT 分析评估了体外细胞凋亡和细胞毒性。MTT 法表明 CS/HAp/g-CN 对 MCF-7 细胞具有生物相容性，并通过流式细胞术得到证实。CS/HAp/g-CN@5-FU 导致 MCF-7 细胞的凋亡率最高，表明纳米载体在杀死癌细胞方面的效率。这些数据表明，设计的 CS/HAp/g-CN@5-FU 可以成为治疗癌细胞的潜在药物。
