Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Feb 1;211:127-144. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.013. Epub 2023 Dec 14.
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) during gestation leads to fetal growth restriction (FGR), whereby the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we found that FGR patients showed higher levels of BPA in the urine, serum, and placenta; meanwhile, trophoblast ferroptosis was observed in FGR placentas, as indicated by accumulated intracellular iron, impaired antioxidant molecules, and increased lipid peroxidation products. To investigate the role of ferroptosis in placental and fetal growth, BPA stimulation was performed both in vivo and in vitro. BPA exposure during gestation was associated with FGR in mice; also, it induces ferroptosis in mouse placentas and human placental trophoblast. Pretreatment with ferroptosis inhibitor ferritin-1 (Fer-1) alleviated BPA-induced oxidative damage and cell death. Notably, BPA reduced the trophoblastic expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which regulated tissue growth and organ size. YAP or TAZ siRNA enhanced BPA-induced ferroptosis, suggesting that trophoblast ferroptosis is dependent on YAP/TAZ downregulation after BPA stimulation. Consistently, the protein levels of YAP/TAZ were also reduced in FGR placentas. Further results revealed that silencing YAP/TAZ promoted BPA-induced ferroptosis through autophagy. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) attenuated BPA-induced trophoblast ferroptosis. Ferritinophagy, an autophagic degradation of ferritin (FTH1), was observed in FGR placentas. Similarly, BPA reduced the protein level of FTH1 in placental trophoblast. Pretreatment with iron chelator desferrioxamine (DFO) and NCOA4 (an autophagy cargo receptor) siRNA weakened the ferroptosis of trophoblast after exposure to BPA, indicating that autophagy mediates ferroptosis in BPA-stimulated trophoblast by degrading ferritin. In summary, ferroptosis was featured in BPA-associated FGR and trophoblast injury; the regulation of ferroptosis involved the YAP/TAZ-autophagy-ferritin axis.
孕期接触双酚 A(BPA)会导致胎儿生长受限(FGR),但其潜在机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们发现 FGR 患者的尿液、血清和胎盘内 BPA 水平较高;同时,FGR 胎盘内观察到滋养细胞铁死亡,表现为细胞内铁积累、抗氧化分子受损和脂质过氧化产物增加。为了研究铁死亡在胎盘和胎儿生长中的作用,我们在体内和体外进行了 BPA 刺激实验。孕期接触 BPA 与小鼠 FGR 有关;此外,它还会诱导小鼠胎盘和人胎盘滋养细胞发生铁死亡。铁死亡抑制剂 Fer-1 预处理可减轻 BPA 诱导的氧化损伤和细胞死亡。值得注意的是,BPA 降低了滋养细胞中 Yes 相关蛋白(YAP)和含 PDZ 结合模体的转录共激活因子(TAZ)的表达,而 YAP/TAZ 调节组织生长和器官大小。YAP 或 TAZ siRNA 增强了 BPA 诱导的铁死亡,表明 BPA 刺激后 YAP/TAZ 下调依赖于滋养细胞铁死亡。同样,FGR 胎盘内 YAP/TAZ 的蛋白水平也降低了。进一步的结果表明,沉默 YAP/TAZ 通过自噬促进 BPA 诱导的铁死亡。自噬抑制剂氯喹(CQ)预处理可减轻 BPA 诱导的滋养细胞铁死亡。铁蛋白自噬,即铁蛋白(FTH1)的自噬降解,在 FGR 胎盘中观察到。同样,BPA 降低了胎盘滋养细胞中 FTH1 的蛋白水平。铁螯合剂去铁胺(DFO)和 NCOA4(自噬 cargo 受体)siRNA 预处理可减弱 BPA 暴露后滋养细胞的铁死亡,表明自噬通过降解铁蛋白介导 BPA 刺激的滋养细胞铁死亡。总之,铁死亡是 BPA 相关 FGR 和滋养细胞损伤的特征;铁死亡的调节涉及 YAP/TAZ-自噬-铁蛋白轴。
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