Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
Trends Microbiol. 2024 May;32(5):465-476. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.11.008. Epub 2023 Dec 15.
Metals and metalloids are used as weapons for predatory feeding by unicellular eukaryotes on prokaryotes. This review emphasizes the role of metal(loid) bioavailability over the course of Earth's history, coupled with eukaryogenesis and the evolution of the mitochondrion to trace the emergence and use of the metal(loid) prey-killing phagosome as a feeding strategy. Members of the genera Acanthamoeba and Dictyostelium use metals such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), and possibly metalloids, to kill their bacterial prey after phagocytosis. We provide a potential timeline on when these capacities first evolved and how they correlate with perceived changes in metal(loid) bioavailability through Earth's history. The origin of phagotrophic eukaryotes must have postdated the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in agreement with redox-dependent modification of metal(loid) bioavailability for phagotrophic poisoning. However, this predatory mechanism is predicted to have evolved much later - closer to the origin of the multicellular metazoans and the evolutionary development of the immune systems.
金属和类金属被用作单细胞真核生物捕食原核生物的掠夺性进食的武器。本综述强调了金属（类）生物利用度在地球历史进程中的作用，以及真核生物的出现和线粒体的进化，以追踪吞噬体作为一种进食策略的金属（类）猎物杀伤的出现和使用。棘阿米巴属和粘菌属的成员在吞噬细菌后使用锌（Zn）和铜（Cu）等金属（可能还有类金属）来杀死它们的细菌猎物。我们提供了一个潜在的时间表，说明这些能力最初是何时进化的，以及它们如何与地球历史上感知到的金属（类）生物利用度变化相关。吞噬性真核生物的起源必须晚于大氧化事件（GOE），这与吞噬性中毒的金属（类）生物利用度的氧化还原依赖性变化一致。然而，这种捕食机制的进化时间要晚得多——更接近多细胞后生动物的起源和免疫系统的进化发展。
