Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
The Obstetrical Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 Dec 16;23(1):867. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-06183-3.
Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy (HDCP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can affect the placental barrier function to varying degrees. However, current studies show that the transfer and distribution characteristics of trace elements in the maternal-fetal system are still unclear. This study investigated the effect of the placental barrier on the transfer of trace elements from mother to fetus and its relationship with HDCP and GDM.
A case-control method was used in this study. 140 pairs of samples were collected; 60 were from healthy pregnant women, and 80 were from patients with pregnancy complications. The contents of trace elements in paired samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). SPSS software was used to analyze the differences in trace element levels in matched samples of each group. The correlations were analyzed based on Pearson's correlation factor (r).
The distribution characteristics of Fe content in the pathological group (HDCP group and GDM group) were the same as those in the normal group (umbilical cord blood > maternal blood > placenta), but there was no significant difference in the iron content in maternal blood and cord blood of pathological group. The distribution characteristics of Mn content in the pathological group (placenta > umbilical cord blood > maternal blood) were changed compared with those in the normal group (placenta > maternal blood > umbilical cord blood). In addition, the placental Cr content and cord blood Cr and Ni content of the pathological group were higher than those of the normal group. HDCP placental Cr and GDM placental Fe levels were significantly correlated with the Apgar score.
The transfer of Fe and Mn and the placental barrier function of Cr and Ni in the maternal-fetal system of HDCP and GDM are significantly altered, which directly or indirectly increases the maternal and fetal health risk.
妊娠高血压疾病（HDCP）和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）可不同程度地影响胎盘屏障功能。然而，目前的研究表明，母体-胎儿系统中微量元素的转运和分布特征仍不清楚。本研究探讨了胎盘屏障对母体向胎儿传递微量元素的影响及其与 HDCP 和 GDM 的关系。
本研究采用病例对照法，收集 140 对样本，其中 60 对来自健康孕妇，80 对来自妊娠并发症患者。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定配对样本中微量元素的含量。采用 SPSS 软件分析各组配对样本中微量元素水平的差异。基于 Pearson 相关系数（r）分析相关性。
病理组（HDCP 组和 GDM 组）中 Fe 含量的分布特征与正常组（脐血>母血>胎盘）相同，但病理组母血和脐血中 Fe 含量无显著差异。病理组 Mn 含量的分布特征（胎盘>脐血>母血）与正常组（胎盘>母血>脐血）相比发生了变化。此外，病理组胎盘 Cr 含量及脐血 Cr 和 Ni 含量高于正常组。HDCP 胎盘 Cr 水平与 GDM 胎盘 Fe 水平与 Apgar 评分呈显著相关。
HDCP 和 GDM 母体-胎儿系统中 Fe 和 Mn 的转运以及 Cr 和 Ni 的胎盘屏障功能发生明显改变，直接或间接增加了母婴健康风险。
