Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Division of Population Behavioral Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; email:
USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2024 Jul;20(1):457-479. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-081903. Epub 2024 Jul 2.
In the United States, an estimated 4.2 million young people experience homelessness during critical stages in their development-adolescence and emerging adulthood. While research on youth homelessness often emphasizes risk and vulnerability, the field must situate these issues within the developmental trajectories of adolescence and emerging adulthood to effectively prevent and end youth homelessness. This review uses the Risk Amplification and Abatement Model (RAAM) as a conceptual framework for contextualizing the landscape of youth homelessness research in the United States since 2010. An extension of ecological models of risk-taking, RAAM emphasizes both risk and resilience, positing that negative as well as positive socialization processes across interactions with family, peers, social services, and formal institutions affect key housing, health, and behavioral outcomes for youth experiencing homelessness. This review applies RAAM to our understanding of the causes and consequences of youth homelessness, recent interventions, and recommendations for future directions.
在美国，估计有 420 万年轻人在其发展的关键阶段经历无家可归——青少年和成年早期。虽然关于青年无家可归的研究通常强调风险和脆弱性，但该领域必须将这些问题置于青少年和成年早期的发展轨迹中，以有效地预防和结束青年无家可归。本综述使用风险放大和缓解模型（RAAM）作为一个概念框架，将自 2010 年以来美国青年无家可归研究的现状置于其中。RAAM 是风险行为的生态模型的延伸，它既强调风险，也强调恢复力，认为与家庭、同伴、社会服务和正式机构的相互作用有关的负面和积极的社会化过程会影响经历无家可归的年轻人的关键住房、健康和行为结果。本综述将 RAAM 应用于我们对青年无家可归的原因和后果、最近的干预措施以及对未来方向的建议的理解。
