Bozhkov I, Stoianov A, Kolchev G
Vet Med Nauki. 1986;23(10):89-94.
A study was carried out on the organization of the obstetrical aid with cows on the large cow complexes in order to raise its effectiveness. Determined was the dynamic of calvings, dystocia, retentio secundinarum, and puerperal endometritis as affected by the time of calving and the character of obstetrical aid as practised on the farms. It was found that most of the calvings (62.6 per cent) take place at night, and 37.4 per cent--in daytime, while within the working day as fixed by the Labour Code--24.8 per cent only. Directly proportional to these were the cases of laboured delivery--60.4 per cent at night and 39.6 per cent in daytime. It was also established that at night obstetrical aid is chiefly rendered by the attendants on duty and the watchmen, which meant that it was unqualified, with bad results: higher rate of postnatal deaths, higher morbidity rates resulting from puerperal endometritis, prolonged period from calving to the first physiologic estrus and prolonged service period, lower conception rates, and higher economic losses. The authors suggest that the organization of labour of vets should take into consideration the productional and biologic processes on the industrial cow complexes, with night duty or two-shift work. These problems should be settled financially and by means of additional personnel as provided by the Labour Code and the new economic approach and its mechanisms.
为提高奶牛场产科护理的效率，对大型奶牛场奶牛的产科护理组织进行了一项研究。研究确定了产犊时间以及农场实施的产科护理方式对产犊、难产、继发性滞留和产后子宫内膜炎动态变化的影响。结果发现，大多数产犊（62.6%）发生在夜间，37.4%发生在白天，而在劳动法规定的工作日内产犊的仅占24.8%。难产情况与此直接相关——夜间为60.4%，白天为39.6%。还发现，夜间的产科护理主要由值班人员和看守人员进行，这意味着护理水平不高，效果不佳：产后死亡率较高，产后子宫内膜炎导致的发病率较高，从产犊到首次生理发情的间隔时间延长以及服役期延长，受孕率较低，经济损失较大。作者建议，兽医的劳动组织应考虑到工业化奶牛场的生产和生物过程，实行夜间值班或两班制工作。这些问题应通过劳动法、新经济方法及其机制所规定的财政手段和增加人员来解决。
