动力蛋白。

Dyneins.

机构信息

Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

出版信息

Curr Biol. 2023 Dec 18;33(24):R1274-R1279. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.064.

DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.064

PMID:38113834

Abstract

Dyneins are a family of motor proteins that carry out motility and force generation functions towards the minus end of microtubule filaments. Cytoplasmic dynein (dynein-1) is responsible for transporting intracellular cargos in the retrograde direction in the cytoplasm, anchoring several organelles to the microtubule network, driving nuclear migration in developing neurons, and orienting the mitotic spindle in dividing cells. All other dyneins are localized to cilia. Similar to dynein-1, dynein-2 walks along microtubules and drives intraflagellar transport in the retrograde direction. Other ciliary dyneins are positioned between adjacent microtubule doublets of the axoneme and power ciliary beating by sliding microtubules relative to each other. In this primer, we first highlight the structure, mechanism, and regulation of dynein-1, which is the best-characterized member of the dynein motor family, and then describe the unique features and cellular roles of other dyneins. We also discuss accessory proteins that regulate the activation and motility of dynein motors in different cellular contexts.

摘要

动力蛋白是一类运动蛋白，它们向微管丝的负端执行运动和力产生功能。细胞质动力蛋白（动力蛋白-1）负责在细胞质中沿逆行方向运输细胞内货物，将几个细胞器锚定到微管网络上，驱动发育中的神经元中的核迁移，并在分裂细胞中定向有丝分裂纺锤体。所有其他的动力蛋白都位于纤毛上。与动力蛋白-1类似，动力蛋白-2沿着微管行走，并驱动逆行的鞭毛内运输。其他纤毛动力蛋白位于轴丝相邻的微管二联体之间，并通过相对滑动微管来提供纤毛运动的动力。在这篇综述中，我们首先强调了动力蛋白-1的结构、机制和调节，动力蛋白-1是动力蛋白家族中研究最充分的成员，然后描述了其他动力蛋白的独特特征和细胞功能。我们还讨论了调节不同细胞环境中动力蛋白马达激活和运动的辅助蛋白。