Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agroecologia, Laboratório de Fitopatologia, São Luís, MA, Brasil.
Braz J Biol. 2023 Dec 18;83:e277489. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.277489. eCollection 2023.
Cowpea is one of the main crops in family agriculture, especially in the Northeastern region of Brazil, and it is expanding to other regions in Brazil. The use of seeds with low physiological and health quality is reflected in the plant development and consequently yield, making it important to study the seed physiological and health quality. The objective of the present study was to assess the physiology and health of traditional and biofortified cowpea seeds. The traditional cowpea varieties (Angelim, Mercado and Manteguinha) and the biofortified cowpea cultivars (BRS Aracê, BRS Xique-Xique and BRS Tumucumaque) were assessed for the following physiological parameters: water content (WC), first count (FC), germination test (G), germination speed index (GSI), seedling emergence in the greenhouse (E), emergence speed index (ESI), seedling aerial part and root length (APL and RL) and electric conductivity test (EC). The seed health quality was assessed by the Blotter Test. The water content present in the seeds of the traditional and biofortified varieties ranged from 10% to 14%. All the traditional and biofortified varieties showed high germination and emergence value in the greenhouse. The germination and emergence speed indexes indicated the BRS Aracê and BRS Xique-Xique cultivars as the most vigorous. In the health tests the highest indexes were the storage fungi Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp., with the highest prevalence in the BRS Tumucumaque variety, which was probably related to the higher water content present in this variety.
豇豆是家庭农业的主要作物之一，尤其是在巴西东北部地区，并且正在向巴西其他地区扩展。使用生理和健康质量低的种子反映在植物发育上，从而影响产量，因此研究种子的生理和健康质量很重要。本研究的目的是评估传统和生物强化豇豆种子的生理和健康状况。对传统豇豆品种（Angelim、Mercado 和 Manteguinha）和生物强化豇豆品种（BRS Aracê、BRS Xique-Xique 和 BRS Tumucumaque）进行了以下生理参数评估：水分含量（WC）、首次计数（FC）、发芽试验（G）、发芽速度指数（GSI）、温室幼苗出苗（E）、出苗速度指数（ESI）、幼苗地上部分和根长（APL 和 RL）和电导率试验（EC）。种子健康质量通过 Blotter 测试进行评估。传统和生物强化品种种子中的水分含量在 10%至 14%之间。所有传统和生物强化品种在温室中均表现出高发芽和出苗值。发芽和出苗速度指数表明 BRS Aracê 和 BRS Xique-Xique 品种活力最强。在健康测试中，最高的指数是贮藏真菌 Aspergillus sp.、Cladosporium sp. 和 Penicillium sp.，在 BRS Tumucumaque 品种中最为普遍，这可能与该品种中存在较高的水分含量有关。
