Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Mar;63(2):623-637. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03293-8. Epub 2023 Dec 21.
To investigate the associations of overall diet quality and dietary factors with serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism in a general population of children.
We studied 194 girls and 209 boys aged 6-8 years participating in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. Food consumption was assessed by 4-day food records and diet quality was quantified by the Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index (FCHEI). Fasting serum fatty acids, amino acids, apolipoproteins, as well as lipoprotein particle sizes were analyzed with high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and body fat percentage.
FCHEI was directly associated with the ratio of polyunsaturated (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) (PUFA/SFA), the ratio of PUFA to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (PUFA/MUFA), the ratio of PUFA to total fatty acids (FA) (PUFA%), the ratio of omega-3-fatty acids to total FA (omega-3 FA%), and inversely associated with the ratio of MUFA to total FA (MUFA%), alanine, glycine, histidine and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle size. Consumption of vegetable oils and vegetable-oil-based margarine (≥ 60% fat) was directly associated with PUFA/SFA, PUFA/MUFA, PUFA%, the ratio of omega-6 FA to total FA (omega-6 FA%), and inversely associated with SFA, MUFA, SFA to total FA (SFA%), MUFA%, alanine and VLDL particle size. Consumption of high-fiber grain products directly associated with PUFA/SFA, PUFA/MUFA, omega-3 FA%, omega-6 FA%, PUFA% and inversely associated with SFA and SFA%. Fish consumption directly related to omega-3 FA and omega-3 FA%. Consumption of sugary products was directly associated with histidine and VLDL particle size. Vegetable, fruit, and berry consumption had direct associations with VLDL particle size and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1. Consumption of low fat (< 1%) milk was directly associated with phenylalanine. A higher consumption of high-fat (≥ 1%) milk was associated with lower serum MUFA/SFA and higher SFA%. Sausage consumption was directly related to SFA% and histidine. Red meat consumption was inversely associated with glycine.
Better diet quality, higher in intake of dietary sources of unsaturated fat and fiber, and lower in sugary product intake were associated with more favorable levels of serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism independent of adiposity.
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01803776, registered March 3, 2013.
研究一般儿童人群中整体饮食质量和饮食因素与脂类和氨基酸代谢的血清生物标志物之间的关联。
我们研究了 194 名 6-8 岁的女孩和 209 名男孩，他们参加了《儿童体育活动与营养》研究。通过 4 天的食物记录来评估食物摄入量，并用芬兰儿童健康饮食指数（FCHEI）来量化饮食质量。使用高通量核磁共振光谱法分析空腹血清脂肪酸、氨基酸、载脂蛋白以及脂蛋白颗粒大小。数据通过线性回归进行分析，调整了年龄、性别和体脂百分比。
FCHEI 与多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）与饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的比值（PUFA/SFA）、PUFA 与单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）的比值（PUFA/MUFA）、PUFA 与总脂肪酸（FA）的比值（PUFA%）、ω-3 脂肪酸与总 FA 的比值（ω-3 FA%）呈正相关，与 MUFA 与总 FA 的比值（MUFA%）、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸和极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）颗粒大小呈负相关。食用植物油和植物油基人造黄油（≥60%脂肪）与 PUFA/SFA、PUFA/MUFA、PUFA%、ω-6 FA 与总 FA 的比值（ω-6 FA%）呈正相关，与 SFA、MUFA、SFA 与总 FA（SFA%）、MUFA%、丙氨酸和 VLDL 颗粒大小呈负相关。高纤维谷物产品的消费与 PUFA/SFA、PUFA/MUFA、ω-3 FA%、ω-6 FA%、PUFA%和 SFA 呈负相关，与 SFA 呈负相关。鱼的消费与 ω-3 FA 和 ω-3 FA%直接相关。食用含糖产品与组氨酸和 VLDL 颗粒大小呈正相关。蔬菜、水果和浆果的摄入与 VLDL 颗粒大小和载脂蛋白 B 与载脂蛋白 A1 的比值直接相关。食用低脂（<1%）牛奶与苯丙氨酸直接相关。摄入高脂肪（≥1%）牛奶与血清 MUFA/SFA 降低和 SFA 升高有关。食用香肠与 SFA%和组氨酸直接相关。食用红肉与甘氨酸呈负相关。
饮食质量更好，摄入更多不饱和脂肪和纤维的饮食来源，减少含糖产品的摄入，与脂类和氨基酸代谢的血清生物标志物水平更有利有关，而与肥胖无关。
ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT01803776，2013 年 3 月 3 日注册。
