Zhang Zhaocheng, He Dongyang, Zhang Kangning, Yang Hao, Zhao Siyu, Qu Jiao
Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
Toxics. 2023 Dec 3;11(12):982. doi: 10.3390/toxics11120982.
The recalcitrant nature of emerging contaminants (ECs) in aquatic environments necessitates the development of effective strategies for their remediation, given the considerable impacts they pose on both human health and the delicate balance of the ecosystem. Semiconductor-based photocatalytic technology is recognized for its dual benefits in effectively addressing both ECs and energy-related challenges simultaneously. Among the plethora of photocatalysts, black phosphorus (BP) stands as a promising nonmetallic candidate, offering a host of advantages including its tunable direct band gap, broad-spectrum light absorption capabilities, and exceptional charge mobility. Nevertheless, pristine BP frequently underperforms, primarily due to issues related to its limited ambient stability and the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. To overcome these challenges, substantial research efforts have been devoted to the creation of BP-based photocatalysts in recent years. However, there is a noticeable absence of reviews regarding the advancement of BP-based materials for the degradation of ECs in aqueous solutions. Therefore, to fill this gap, a comprehensive review is undertaken. In this review, we first present an in-depth examination of the fabrication processes for bulk BP and BP nanosheets (BPNS). The review conducts a thorough analysis and comparison of the merits and limitations inherent in each method, thereby delineating the most auspicious avenues for future research. Then, in line with the pathways followed by photogenerated electron-hole pairs at the interface, BP-based photocatalysts are systematically categorized into heterojunctions (Type I, Type II, Z-scheme, and S-scheme) and hybrids, and their photocatalytic performances against various ECs and the corresponding degradation mechanisms are comprehensively summarized. Finally, this review presents personal insights into the prospective avenues for advancing the field of BP-based photocatalysts for ECs remediation.
鉴于新兴污染物（ECs）对水生环境具有顽固性，且对人类健康和生态系统的微妙平衡都有重大影响，因此有必要开发有效的修复策略。基于半导体的光催化技术因其在有效解决新兴污染物和能源相关挑战方面的双重优势而受到认可。在众多光催化剂中，黑磷（BP）是一种很有前途的非金属候选材料，具有许多优点，包括其可调节的直接带隙、广谱光吸收能力和出色的电荷迁移率。然而，原始的黑磷通常表现不佳，主要是由于其在环境中的稳定性有限以及光生电子 - 空穴对的快速复合等问题。为了克服这些挑战，近年来人们投入了大量研究致力于制备基于黑磷的光催化剂。然而，关于用于降解水溶液中新兴污染物的黑磷基材料的进展，明显缺乏相关综述。因此，为了填补这一空白，我们进行了全面的综述。在本综述中，我们首先深入研究了块状黑磷和黑磷纳米片（BPNS）的制备过程。该综述对每种方法固有的优缺点进行了全面分析和比较，从而勾勒出未来研究最有前景的途径。然后，根据光生电子 - 空穴对在界面处的路径，将基于黑磷的光催化剂系统地分为异质结（I型、II型、Z型和S型）和复合材料，并全面总结了它们对各种新兴污染物的光催化性能及相应的降解机制。最后，本综述对推进基于黑磷的光催化剂用于新兴污染物修复领域的未来途径提出了个人见解。
