Student Research Group, Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
Dent Med Probl. 2023 Oct-Dec;60(4):697-707. doi: 10.17219/dmp/156466.
Diet and eating habits significantly affect health and quality of life. Various diets and food eliminations can lead to nutritional deficiencies and malnutrition. This article discusses the relationship between nutrition, nutritional deficiencies, and the condition of the periodontium and oral mucosa. An analysis of PubMed materials was conducted to assess the impact of nutrition on the condition of the oral mucosa and periodontium. We also considered dietary habits such as vegetarianism, the ketogenic diet, the Paleo diet, the Mediterranean diet, the Western diet, and intermittent fasting. Vitamin deficiencies, both watersoluble and fat-soluble, as well as macroand microelements, can manifest in the oral cavity, among others, as gingivitis and bleeding, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, enamel hypomineralization, cheilitis, angular cheilitis, halitosis, glossitis, lingual papillae atrophy, and stomatitis. Malnutrition does not cause periodontal disease, but it increases the risk of its occurrence and accelerates disease progression. Inadequate nutrition, combined with other predisposing factors, may contribute to an increased risk of oral cancer and the development of leukoplakia.
饮食和饮食习惯对健康和生活质量有重大影响。各种饮食和食物排除可能导致营养缺乏和营养不良。本文讨论了营养、营养缺乏以及牙周组织和口腔黏膜状况之间的关系。我们对 PubMed 材料进行了分析，以评估营养对口腔黏膜和牙周组织状况的影响。我们还考虑了饮食习惯，如素食主义、生酮饮食、原始人饮食、地中海饮食、西方饮食和间歇性禁食。水溶性和脂溶性维生素以及宏量和微量元素的缺乏，除其他外，可在口腔中表现为牙龈炎和出血、复发性阿弗他口炎、牙釉质矿化不全、唇炎、口角炎、口臭、舌炎、舌乳头萎缩和口炎。营养不良不会引起牙周病，但会增加其发生的风险并加速疾病进展。营养不足，加上其他诱发因素，可能会增加口腔癌和白斑发展的风险。
