Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan; Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan.
Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2024 Feb;150:106320. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106320. Epub 2023 Dec 14.
Polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) materials have gained considerable attention as tooth restorative materials owing to their mechanical compatibility with human teeth. However, the mechanical strength of contemporary PICN materials is lower than those of conventional resin composites and ceramics. This study aims to develop novel high-strength PICN for use as a dental restorative material. Zirconia-based PICN (EXP) was fabricated using 3 mol% yttria tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia powder and resin monomers via slip casting, followed by sintering and polymer infiltration. Comprehensive analyses of the microstructure, mechanical properties, and physicochemical properties of EXP were performed using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inorganic content measurements, three-point bending test, Vickers hardness test, two-body wear test, shear bond strength (SBS) test, surface free energy analysis, and water sorption/solubility test. Commercially available computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials, including resin composite (CERASMART), silicate-based PICN (ENAMIC), and zirconia ceramic (e.max ZirCAD), were used for comparison. The analyses highlight the dual network structure of EXP, which comprised a zirconia skeleton and an infiltrated resin phase. EXP exhibits a flexural strength of 346.0 ± 46.0 MPa, flexural modulus of 44.0 ± 3.7 GPa, and Vickers hardness of 440.1 ± 51.2 VHN. The mechanical properties of EXP are significantly higher than those of CERASMART and ENAMIC but lower than those of ZirCAD. Notably, the EXP hardness closely mimics that of the human enamel. The wear volume, SBS, and water sorption/solubility of EXP are comparable to those of CERASMART and ENAMIC. Therefore, EXP has potential applications as a tooth restorative material.
聚合物渗透陶瓷网络（PICN）材料因其与人类牙齿的机械相容性而在牙齿修复材料中得到了广泛关注。然而，目前的 PICN 材料的机械强度低于传统的树脂复合材料和陶瓷。本研究旨在开发新型高强度 PICN 用作牙科修复材料。通过流延成型，使用 3 mol%氧化钇四方多晶氧化锆粉末和树脂单体制造基于氧化锆的 PICN（EXP），然后进行烧结和聚合物渗透。使用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、无机含量测量、三点弯曲试验、维氏硬度试验、二体磨损试验、剪切结合强度（SBS）试验、表面自由能分析和水吸附/溶解度试验对 EXP 的微观结构、力学性能和物理化学性能进行了综合分析。商用计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造（CAD/CAM）材料，包括树脂复合材料（CERASMART）、硅酸盐基 PICN（ENAMIC）和氧化锆陶瓷（e.max ZirCAD），被用于比较。分析结果突出了 EXP 的双网络结构，该结构由氧化锆骨架和渗透的树脂相组成。EXP 表现出 346.0±46.0 MPa 的弯曲强度、44.0±3.7 GPa 的弯曲模量和 440.1±51.2 VHN 的维氏硬度。EXP 的力学性能明显高于 CERASMART 和 ENAMIC，但低于 ZirCAD。值得注意的是，EXP 的硬度与人类牙釉质非常接近。EXP 的磨损体积、SBS 和水吸附/溶解度与 CERASMART 和 ENAMIC 相当。因此，EXP 有作为牙齿修复材料的应用潜力。
