Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Nu Surficial Environment & Hydrological Geochemistry Laboratory, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Nu Surficial Environment & Hydrological Geochemistry Laboratory, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Mar 5;465:133295. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133295. Epub 2023 Dec 17.
It is essential to understand the impact of heavy metals (HMs) present in the surface dust (SD) of kindergartens on children, who are highly sensitive to contaminated dust in cities in their growth stage. A study was conducted on 11 types of HMs present in the SD of 73 kindergartens in Beijing. This study aims to assess the pollution levels and sources of eleven HMs in Beijing's kindergartens surface dust (KSD), and estimate the potential health risks in different populations and sources. The results indicate that Cd has the highest contamination in the KSD, followed by Pb, Zn, Ni, Ba, Cr, and Cu. The sources of these pollutants are identified as industrial sources (23.7%), natural sources (22.1%), traffic sources (30.4%), and construction sources (23.9%). Cancer risk is higher in children (4.02E-06) than in adults (8.93E-06). Notably, Cr is the priority pollutant in the KSD, and industrial and construction activities are the main sources of pollution that need to be controlled. The pollution in the central and surrounding areas is primarily caused by historical legacy industrial sites, transportation, urban development, and climate conditions. This work provides guidance to manage the pollution caused by HMs in the KSD of Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Children within urban populations are particularly sensitive to pollutants present in SD. Prolonged exposure to contaminated SD significantly heightens the likelihood of childhood illnesses. The pollution status and potential health risks of HMs within SD from urban kindergartens are comprehensively investigated. Additionally, the contributions from four primary sources are identified and quantified. Furthermore, a pollution-source-oriented assessment is adopted to clearly distinguish the diverse impacts of different sources on health risks, and the priority pollutants and sources are determined. This work holds pivotal importance for risk management, decision-making, and environmental control concerning HMs in KSD.
了解城市中儿童生长阶段对受污染灰尘高度敏感的幼儿园地表灰尘（SD）中重金属（HMs）的影响至关重要。对北京 73 所幼儿园 SD 中存在的 11 种 HMs 进行了研究。本研究旨在评估北京幼儿园地表灰尘（KSD）中 11 种重金属的污染水平和来源，并估计不同人群和来源的潜在健康风险。结果表明，Cd 在 KSD 中的污染程度最高，其次是 Pb、Zn、Ni、Ba、Cr 和 Cu。这些污染物的来源被确定为工业源（23.7%）、自然源（22.1%）、交通源（30.4%）和建筑源（23.9%）。儿童的癌症风险（4.02E-06）高于成人（8.93E-06）。值得注意的是，Cr 是 KSD 中的优先污染物，工业和建筑活动是需要控制的主要污染来源。中心和周边地区的污染主要是由历史遗留的工业场地、交通、城市发展和气候条件造成的。这项工作为管理北京幼儿园 KSD 中 HMs 污染提供了指导。环境意义：城市人口中的儿童对 SD 中存在的污染物特别敏感。长期接触受污染的 SD 会显著增加儿童患病的可能性。本研究全面调查了城市幼儿园 SD 中 HMs 的污染状况和潜在健康风险，确定并量化了四个主要来源的贡献。此外，还采用了以污染源为导向的评估方法，明确区分了不同来源对健康风险的不同影响，并确定了优先污染物和来源。这项工作对于 KSD 中 HMs 的风险管理、决策制定和环境控制具有重要意义。
