Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Nov 23;14(12):2113. doi: 10.3390/genes14122113.
Trauma in childhood and adolescence has long-term negative consequences in brain development and behavior and increases the risk for psychiatric disorders. Among them, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during adolescence illustrates the connection between trauma and substance misuse, as adolescents may utilize substances to cope with PTSD. Drug misuse may in turn lead to neuroadaptations in learning processes that facilitate the consolidation of traumatic memories that perpetuate PTSD. This reflects, apart from common genetic and epigenetic modifications, overlapping neurocircuitry engagement triggered by stress and drug misuse that includes structural and functional changes in limbic brain regions and the salience, default-mode, and frontoparietal networks. Effective strategies to prevent PTSD are needed to limit the negative consequences associated with the later development of a substance use disorder (SUD). In this review, we will examine the link between PTSD and SUDs, along with the resulting effects on memory, focusing on the connection between the development of an SUD in individuals who struggled with PTSD in adolescence. Neuroimaging has emerged as a powerful tool to provide insight into the brain mechanisms underlying the connection of PTSD in adolescence and the development of SUDs.
儿童和青少年时期的创伤会对大脑发育和行为产生长期的负面影响，并增加患精神障碍的风险。其中，青少年时期的创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 说明了创伤与物质滥用之间的联系，因为青少年可能会使用物质来应对 PTSD。药物滥用反过来又可能导致学习过程中的神经适应，从而促进创伤记忆的巩固，从而使 PTSD 持续存在。这反映了除了常见的遗传和表观遗传修饰外，由压力和药物滥用触发的重叠神经回路的参与，包括边缘脑区以及突显、默认模式和额顶网络的结构和功能变化。需要采取有效的预防 PTSD 的策略，以限制与后来发生物质使用障碍 (SUD) 相关的负面后果。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨 PTSD 和 SUD 之间的联系，以及对记忆的影响，重点关注在青少年时期经历 PTSD 的个体中 SUD 的发展。神经影像学已成为一种强大的工具，可以深入了解 PTSD 与 SUD 发展之间联系的大脑机制。
