Plotnikov Leonid
Department of Turbines and Engines, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Str. Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Dec 11;23(24):9750. doi: 10.3390/s23249750.
A detailed study of the gas-dynamic behaviour of both liquid and gas flows is urgently required for a variety of technical and process design applications. This article provides an overview of the application and an improvement to thermal anemometry methods and tools. The principle and advantages of a hot-wire anemometer operating according to the constant-temperature method are described. An original electronic circuit for a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer with a filament protection unit is proposed for measuring the instantaneous velocity values of both stationary and pulsating gas flows in pipelines. The filament protection unit increases the measuring system's reliability. The designs of the hot-wire anemometer and filament sensor are described. Based on development tests, the correct functioning of the measuring system was confirmed, and the main technical specifications (the time constant and calibration curve) were determined. A measuring system for determining instantaneous gas flow velocity values with a time constant from 0.5 to 3.0 ms and a relative uncertainty of 5.1% is proposed. Based on pilot studies of stationary and pulsating gas flows in different gas-dynamic systems (a straight pipeline, a curved channel, a system with a poppet valve or a damper, and the external influence on the flow), the applications of the hot-wire anemometer and sensor are identified.
对于各种技术和工艺设计应用而言，迫切需要对液体和气体流动的气体动力学行为进行详细研究。本文概述了热风速测量方法和工具的应用及改进。描述了按恒温法工作的热线风速仪的原理和优点。提出了一种带有灯丝保护单元的恒温热线风速仪的原始电子电路，用于测量管道中稳态和脉动气流的瞬时速度值。灯丝保护单元提高了测量系统的可靠性。描述了热线风速仪和灯丝传感器的设计。基于开发测试，确认了测量系统的正常运行，并确定了主要技术规格（时间常数和校准曲线）。提出了一种用于确定瞬时气体流速值的测量系统，其时间常数为0.5至3.0毫秒，相对不确定度为5.1%。基于对不同气体动力学系统（直管、弯管、带有提升阀或风门的系统以及对气流的外部影响）中稳态和脉动气流的初步研究，确定了热线风速仪和传感器的应用。
