Thirión-Romero Ireri, Fernández-Plata Rosario, Pérez-Kawabe Midori, Meza-Meneses Patricia A, Castro-Fuentes Carlos Alberto, Rivera-Martínez Norma E, Barrón-Palma Eira Valeria, Sánchez-Sandoval Ana Laura, Cornejo-Juárez Patricia, Sepúlveda-Delgado Jesús, Torres-Erazo Darwin Stalin, Pérez-Padilla José Rogelio
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Nov 28;11(12):1779. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11121779.
Phase III clinical trials have documented the efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preventing symptomatic COVID-19. Nonetheless, it is imperative to continue analyzing the clinical response to different vaccines in real-life studies. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of five different vaccines in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the third COVID-19 outbreak in Mexico dominated by the Delta variant.
A test-negative case-control study was performed in nine tertiary-care hospitals for COVID-19. We estimated odds ratios (OR) adjusted by variables related a priori with the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity.
We studied 761 subjects, 371 cases, and 390 controls with a mean age of 53 years (SD, 17 years). Overall, 51% had a complete vaccination scheme, and an incomplete scheme (one dose from a scheme of two), 14%. After adjustment for age, gender, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, we found that the effectiveness of avoiding a SARS-CoV-2 infection when hospitalized with at least one vaccination dose was 71% (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.19-0.45), that of an incomplete vaccination scheme, 67% (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.18-0.62), and that of any complete vaccination scheme, 73% (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17-0.43).
The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program showed effectiveness in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients during a Delta variant outbreak.
III期临床试验已证明严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗在预防有症状的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）方面的有效性。尽管如此，在实际研究中继续分析对不同疫苗的临床反应仍至关重要。我们的目的是评估在以德尔塔变异株为主的墨西哥第三次COVID-19疫情期间，五种不同疫苗对COVID-19住院患者的有效性。
在9家COVID-19三级护理医院进行了一项检测阴性的病例对照研究。我们估计了经与SARS-CoV-2感染可能性及其严重程度先验相关的变量调整后的比值比（OR）。
我们研究了761名受试者，371例病例和390名对照，平均年龄为53岁（标准差，17岁）。总体而言，51%的人有完整的疫苗接种方案，14%的人有不完整的方案（两剂方案中的一剂）。在对年龄、性别、肥胖和糖尿病进行调整后，我们发现至少接种一剂疫苗后住院时避免SARS-CoV-2感染的有效性为71%（OR 0.29，95%CI 0.19-0.45），不完整疫苗接种方案的有效性为67%（OR 0.33，95%CI 0.18-0.62），任何完整疫苗接种方案的有效性为73%（OR 0.27，95%CI 0.17-0.43）。
SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种计划在德尔塔变异株疫情期间对住院患者预防SARS-CoV-2感染显示出有效性。
