Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA.
Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Viruses. 2023 Dec 9;15(12):2400. doi: 10.3390/v15122400.
Recognition of viruses invading the central nervous system (CNS) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is crucial to elicit early innate responses that stem dissemination. These innate responses comprise both type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated defenses as well as signals recruiting leukocytes to control the infection. Focusing on insights from the neurotropic mouse CoV model, this review discusses how early IFN-I, fibroblast, and myeloid signals can influence protective anti-viral adaptive responses. Emphasis is placed on three main areas: the importance of coordinating the distinct capacities of resident CNS cells to induce and respond to IFN-I, the effects of select IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) on host immune responses versus viral control, and the contribution of fibroblast activation and myeloid cells in aiding the access of T cells to the parenchyma. By unraveling how the dysregulation of early innate components influences adaptive immunity and viral control, this review illustrates the combined effort of resident CNS cells to achieve viral control.
识别入侵中枢神经系统（CNS）的病毒是通过模式识别受体（PRRs）来完成的，这对于引发早期的先天反应至关重要，这些先天反应包括 I 型干扰素（IFN-I）介导的防御以及招募白细胞来控制感染的信号。本文聚焦于神经嗜性小鼠 CoV 模型的研究进展，讨论了早期 IFN-I、成纤维细胞和髓样细胞信号如何影响保护性抗病毒适应性反应。重点讨论了三个主要领域：协调驻留 CNS 细胞诱导和对 IFN-I 产生反应的不同能力的重要性，选择的 IFN 刺激基因（ISGs）对宿主免疫反应与病毒控制的影响，以及成纤维细胞激活和髓样细胞在帮助 T 细胞进入实质中的贡献。通过阐明早期先天成分失调如何影响适应性免疫和病毒控制，本文说明了驻留 CNS 细胞为实现病毒控制所做的共同努力。
