The effects of insecticide seed treatments on the parasitism and predation of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) in canola.

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of brassica plants, with the ability to transmit > 100 viruses. Although the adoption of Integrated Pest Management is increasing, chemical treatment remains the predominant method used to control M. persicae globally. Insecticide seed treatments, typically with neonicotinoid active ingredients, have become commonplace in canola crops, and are viewed as a "softer" alternative to foliar sprays but may nevertheless impact natural enemies of M. persicae. In this study, the effects of canola seed treatments, containing imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and a mixture of thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin, were investigated on the parasitoid wasp, Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the green lacewing, Mallada signatus (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), both important natural enemies of M. persicae. Laboratory trials were undertaken using whole plants, with lethal and sublethal effects assessed by measuring several traits. Compared with untreated plants, more aphid mummies were produced and more A. colemani were reared on plants treated with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin and more aphid mummies were produced on imidacloprid plants. Imidacloprid reduced the time A. colemani spent searching for M. persicae and thiamethoxam reduced its cleaning time. However, after A. colemani were removed from treated plants, there were no such effects observed, suggesting these impacts were relatively short-lived. We found no significant effects of seed treatments on M. signatus. These results point to the complexity of ecotoxicology studies involving multiple trophic levels and indicate that seed treatments may have variable impacts on key fitness traits of natural enemies.