吸附、煮沸还是膜过滤：去除消毒副产物，让我们的饮用水更安全
Adsorption, boiling or membrane filtration for disinfection by-product removal: How to make our drinking water safer?
机构信息
Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China.
Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Feb 20;912:169468. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169468. Epub 2023 Dec 22.
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) generated in drinking water have become a global concern due to their potential harm to human health. Nevertheless, there are few studies about different point-of-use water treatments in household drinking water. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of three point-of-use water treatments: adsorption, boiling, and membrane filtration. The experimental results showed that the initial average concentration of volatile DBPs and non-volatile DBPs for tap water were 63.71 μg/L and 6.33 μg/L. The removal efficiency of DBPs for adsorption which were 75.6 % (the filter volumes from 0 L to 20 L) and 45.4 % (the filter volumes from 20 L to 50 L) during the service life of the filter element (50 L). Boiling had a high removal efficiency for volatile DBPs like trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetaldehydes (HALs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), and haloketones (HKs) (90.5 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 100 %, respectively). However, boiling had a low removal efficiency which was 15 % in removing non-volatile DBPs like haloacetic acids (HAAs). Membrane filtration had a middle removal efficiency for THMs, HAAs, HALs, HKs, and HANs (45.3 %, 75.2 %, 46.5 %, 47.6 %, and 100 %, respectively). Through analysis of the correlation between dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal efficacy and DBP removal efficiency, it was found that the strongest correlation was observed between UV and DBP removal efficiency. Boiling showed a lower estimated cytotoxicity of DBPs compared to adsorption and membrane filtration. Cancer risk assessment of DBPs was below the specified risk range for three point-of-use water treatments. This study provides a reference for choosing point-of-use water treatments in household drinking water.
饮用水中的消毒副产物 (DBPs) 因其对人类健康的潜在危害而成为全球关注的焦点。然而，关于家庭饮用水中不同点源水处理方法的研究很少。本研究旨在比较三种点源水处理方法的效果：吸附、煮沸和膜过滤。实验结果表明，自来水的挥发性 DBPs 和非挥发性 DBPs 的初始平均浓度分别为 63.71μg/L 和 6.33μg/L。在滤芯使用寿命内（50L），吸附的 DBPs 去除效率分别为 75.6%（从 0L 到 20L 的过滤体积）和 45.4%（从 20L 到 50L 的过滤体积）。煮沸对三卤甲烷（THMs）、卤代乙醛（HALs）、卤代乙腈（HANs）和卤代酮（HKs）等挥发性 DBPs 具有很高的去除效率（分别为 90.5%、100%、100%和 100%）。然而，煮沸对非挥发性 DBPs，如卤乙酸（HAAs）的去除效率较低，仅为 15%。膜过滤对 THMs、HAAs、HALs、HKs 和 HANs 的去除效率居中（分别为 45.3%、75.2%、46.5%、47.6%和 100%）。通过分析溶解有机物 (DOM) 去除效果与 DBPs 去除效率之间的相关性，发现 DOM 与 DBPs 去除效率之间存在最强的相关性。与吸附和膜过滤相比，煮沸显示出较低的 DBPs 估计细胞毒性。三种点源水处理方法的 DBPs 致癌风险评估均低于规定的风险范围。本研究为家庭饮用水中选择点源水处理方法提供了参考。
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