College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China.
College of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Dec 26;46(1):19. doi: 10.1007/s10653-023-01787-2.
Antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) contamination in agricultural soil poses human health risks through agricultural products. Soil washing with degradable low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) is an eco-friendly strategy to remediate agricultural soils. In this study, three eco-friendly LMWOAs, oxalic acid (OA), tartaric acid (TA), and citric acid (CA), were used to treat Sb and As co-contaminated agricultural soil from Xikuangshan mine area. The OA, TA, and CA washed out 18.4, 16.8, and 26.6% of Sb and 15.3, 19.9, and 23.8% of As from the agricultural soil, with CA being the most efficient reagent for the soil washing. These organic acids also led to pH decline and macronutrients losses. Fraction analysis using a sequential extraction procedure showed that the three organic acids targeted and decreased the specifically sorbed (F2) (by 19.3-37.6% and 2.41-23.5%), amorphous iron oxide associated (F3) (by 49.1-61.2% and 51.2-70.2%), and crystallized iron oxide associated (F4) (by 12.3-26.0% and 26.1-29.1%) Sb and As. The leachability of Sb and As, as well as their concentrations and bioconcentration factor (BCF) in vegetables reduced due to the soil washing. It demonstrated that the bioavailability of both the elements was decreased by the organic acids washing. The concentrations of Sb and As in typical vegetable species cultivated in CA washed soil were less than the threshold value for consumption safety, while those in OA and TA washed soils were still higher than the value, suggesting that only CA is a potential washing reagent in soil washing for Sb- and As-contaminated agricultural soil.
锑（Sb）和砷（As）污染农业土壤会通过农产品对人类健康造成危害。用可降解的低分子量有机酸（LMWOAs）对土壤进行洗涤是一种修复农业土壤的环保策略。在这项研究中，使用三种环保型 LMWOAs（草酸（OA）、酒石酸（TA）和柠檬酸（CA））处理来自锡矿山矿区的 Sb 和 As 共污染农业土壤。OA、TA 和 CA 从农业土壤中洗脱了 18.4%、16.8%和 26.6%的 Sb 和 15.3%、19.9%和 23.8%的 As，其中 CA 是最有效的土壤洗涤试剂。这些有机酸还导致 pH 值下降和大量营养物质损失。采用连续提取程序的分馏分析表明，这三种有机酸针对并减少了特定吸附（F2）（减少 19.3-37.6%和 2.41-23.5%）、无定形氧化铁相关（F3）（减少 49.1-61.2%和 51.2-70.2%）和结晶氧化铁相关（F4）（减少 12.3-26.0%和 26.1-29.1%）的 Sb 和 As。Sb 和 As 的浸出率以及蔬菜中它们的浓度和生物浓缩因子（BCF）因土壤洗涤而降低。这表明元素的生物可利用性因有机酸洗涤而降低。在 CA 洗涤土壤中种植的典型蔬菜品种中，Sb 和 As 的浓度低于食用安全性阈值，而在 OA 和 TA 洗涤土壤中，这些浓度仍高于该值，这表明只有 CA 是 Sb 和 As 污染农业土壤土壤洗涤中潜在的洗涤试剂。
