Muñoz-Flores Carolina, Roa Francisco J, Saavedra Paulina, Fuentealba Pablo, Starck María F, Ortega Leonardo, Montesino Raquel, Valenzuela Ariel, Astuya Allisson, Parra Natalie, González-Chavarría Iván, Sánchez Oliberto, Toledo Jorge R, Acosta Jannel
Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
Laboratorio de Piscicultura y Patología Acuática, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
Heliyon. 2023 Dec 2;9(12):e23215. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23215. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Neuropeptides are a group of peptides derived from precursor proteins synthesized in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. The classical functions of neuropeptides have been extensively studied in mammals, including neuromodulation in the central nervous system, molecular signaling in the peripheral nervous system, and immunomodulation associated mainly with anti-inflammatory activity. In contrast, in teleosts, studies of the immunomodulatory function of these neuropeptides are limited. In , vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mRNA sequences have not been cloned, and the role of VIP in modulating the immune system has not been studied. Furthermore, in relation to other neuropeptides with possible immunomodulatory function, such as ghrelin, there are also few studies. Therefore, in this work, we performed molecular cloning, identification, and phylogenetic analysis of three VIP precursor sequences (prepro-VIP1, VIP2 and VIP3) in rainbow trout. In addition, the immunomodulatory function of both neuropeptides was evaluated in an model using the VIP1 sequence identified in this work and a ghrelin sequence already studied in . The results suggest that the prepro-VIP2 sequence has the lowest percentage of identity with respect to the other homologous sequences and is more closely related to mammalian orthologous sequences. VIP1 induces significant expression of both pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines, whereas ghrelin only induces significant expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α.
神经肽是一类由在神经元和非神经元细胞中合成的前体蛋白衍生而来的肽。神经肽的经典功能已在哺乳动物中得到广泛研究，包括中枢神经系统中的神经调节、外周神经系统中的分子信号传导以及主要与抗炎活性相关的免疫调节。相比之下，在硬骨鱼中，对这些神经肽免疫调节功能的研究有限。在[具体情况未提及处]，血管活性肠肽（VIP）的mRNA序列尚未克隆，VIP在调节免疫系统中的作用也未得到研究。此外，关于其他可能具有免疫调节功能的神经肽，如胃饥饿素，研究也很少。因此，在这项工作中，我们对虹鳟鱼中的三个VIP前体序列（前VIP1、VIP2和VIP3）进行了分子克隆、鉴定和系统发育分析。此外，使用本研究中鉴定的VIP1序列和之前在[具体情况未提及处]研究过的胃饥饿素序列，在一个[具体模型未提及处]模型中评估了这两种神经肽的免疫调节功能。结果表明，前VIP2序列与其他同源序列的同一性百分比最低，并且与哺乳动物直系同源序列关系更密切。VIP1诱导促炎（IFN-γ、IL-1β）和抗炎（IL-10和TGF-β）细胞因子的显著表达，而胃饥饿素仅诱导促炎细胞因子如IL-6和TNF-α的显著表达。
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