Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2023;135:5-11. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-36084-8_2.
The resolution of the naked eye has been a challenge for the neurosurgical endeavor since the very first attempts of cranial surgery, and advances have been achieved over the centuries, driven by a synergism between the application of emerging technology into the surgical environment and the expansion of the capabilities of neurosurgery. The understanding of the principles of the optical properties of lenses by Abbè (1840-1905) led to the introduction of loupes in the surgical practice, increasing the visual performance during macroscopic procedures. Modern neurosurgery began with the possibility of illumination and magnification of the surgical field as provided by the microscope. Pioneering contributions from Donaghy and Yasargil opened the way to the era of minimalism with reduction of operative corridors and surgical trauma through the adoption of the microsurgical technique. Almost at the same time, engineering mirabilia of Hopkins in terms of optics and lenses allowed for introduction of rigid and flexible endoscopes as a viable tool in neurosurgery. Nowadays, neurosurgeons are aware of and confident using effective and modern tools of visualization in their armamentarium. Herein we present a cogent review of the evolution of visualization tools in neurosurgery, with a special glimpse into the current development and future achievements.
自颅外科手术的最初尝试以来，肉眼分辨率一直是神经外科学领域的挑战，几个世纪以来，随着新技术在手术环境中的应用和神经外科学能力的扩展，取得了进展。Abbè（1840-1905 年）对透镜光学特性的理解导致了放大镜在手术实践中的引入，提高了宏观手术过程中的视觉性能。显微镜提供了手术视野的照明和放大的可能性，现代神经外科学由此开始。Donaghy 和 Yasargil 的开创性贡献为通过采用显微外科技术减少手术通道和手术创伤的微创手术时代开辟了道路。几乎与此同时，Hopkins 在光学和镜片方面的工程奇迹使得刚性和柔性内窥镜作为神经外科的一种可行工具得以引入。如今，神经外科医生已经意识到并自信地在他们的武器库中使用有效的现代可视化工具。本文对神经外科可视化工具的发展进行了有力的回顾，并特别关注当前的发展和未来的成就。
