Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland,.
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024 Feb;157:105527. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105527. Epub 2023 Dec 29.
Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) have excellent olfactory processing capabilities that are utilized widely in human society e.g., working with customs, police, and army; their scent detection is also used in guarding, hunting, mold-sniffing, searching for missing people or animals, and facilitating the life of the disabled. Sniffing and searching for odors is a natural, species-typical behavior and essential for the dog's welfare. While taking advantage of this canine ability widely, we understand its foundations and implications quite poorly. We can improve animal welfare by better understanding their olfactory world. In this review, we outline the olfactory processing of dogs in the nervous system, summarize the current knowledge of scent detection and differentiation; the effect of odors on the dogs' cognitive and emotional processes and the dog-human bond; and consider the methodological advancements that could be developed further to aid in our understanding of the canine world of odors.
家犬（Canis familiaris）具有出色的嗅觉处理能力，在人类社会中得到广泛应用，例如与海关、警察和军队合作；它们的嗅觉探测也用于警戒、狩猎、嗅探霉菌、寻找失踪人员或动物以及帮助残疾人的生活。嗅探和搜索气味是一种自然的、物种特有的行为，对犬类的福利至关重要。虽然我们广泛地利用了这种犬类的能力，但我们对其基础和影响的了解还相当有限。通过更好地了解它们的嗅觉世界，我们可以提高动物福利。在这篇综述中，我们概述了犬类在神经系统中的嗅觉处理，总结了当前关于气味探测和区分的知识；气味对犬类认知和情绪过程以及犬与人之间的联系的影响；并考虑了可以进一步发展的方法学进展，以帮助我们理解犬类的气味世界。
