Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States.
Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Mar;119(3):769-778. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.023. Epub 2023 Dec 30.
Americans consume diets that fall short of dietary recommendations, and the cost of healthier diets is often cited as a barrier to dietary change. We conducted a nonrandomized crossover trial with meals provided utilizing 2 diets: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and whole food, plant-based (WFPB), and thus had intake data from baseline and both intervention diets.
Using actual diet records, describe food costs of baseline diets of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as well as therapeutic DASH and WFPB diets.
Three-day food records were collected and analyzed for each 7-d diet phase: baseline, DASH, and WFPB. Nutrient content was analyzed using the Nutrient Data System for Research and cost was determined using Fillet, an application to manage menu pricing. Food costs were calculated for each diet as consumed and adjusted to a standardized 1800 kcal/d. Ingredient-only costs of food away from home (FAFH) were approximated and analyzed. Costs were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models as a function of diet.
Fifteen subjects enrolled; 12 completed all dietary phases. The baseline, DASH, and WFPB diets, as consumed, cost $15.72/d (95% CI; $13.91, $17.53), $12.74/d ($11.23, $14.25), and $9.78/d ($7.97, $11.59), respectively. When adjusted to an 1800 kcal/d intake, the baseline, DASH, and WFPB diets cost $15.69/d ($13.87, $17.52), $14.92/d ($13.59, $16.26), and $11.96/d ($10.14, $13.78), respectively. When approximated ingredient-only costs of FAFH were analyzed, as consumed baseline [$11.01 ($9.53, $12.49)] and DASH diets [$11.81 ($10.44, $13.18)] had similar costs; WFPB diet [$8.83 ($7.35, $10.31)] cost the least.
In this short-term study with meals provided, the food costs of plant-predominant diets offering substantial metabolic health benefits were less than or similar to baseline food costs of adults with insulin-treated T2DM. Longer-term data without meal provision are needed for more generalizable results. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04048642.
美国人的饮食不符合膳食建议，而更健康的饮食成本通常被认为是饮食改变的障碍。我们进行了一项非随机交叉试验，提供了两种饮食： 停止高血压的饮食方法（DASH）和全食物、植物性（WFPB），因此我们有基线和两种干预饮食的摄入量数据。
使用实际的饮食记录，描述 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者基线饮食、治疗性 DASH 和 WFPB 饮食的食物成本。
收集并分析了每个 7 天饮食阶段的 3 天饮食记录：基线、DASH 和 WFPB。使用研究用营养数据系统分析营养素含量，使用 Fillet 确定成本，Fillet 是一款用于管理菜单定价的应用程序。按照实际摄入量计算每种饮食的成本，并调整为标准化的 1800 千卡/天。近似分析了外出就餐（FAFH）的食物成分成本。使用线性混合效应模型作为饮食的函数进行成本分析。
共有 15 名受试者入组，其中 12 名完成了所有饮食阶段。基线、DASH 和 WFPB 饮食的实际摄入量分别为$15.72/d（95%CI：$13.91，$17.53）$12.74/d（$11.23，$14.25）和$9.78/d（$7.97，$11.59）。当调整为 1800 千卡/天时，基线、DASH 和 WFPB 饮食的成本分别为$15.69/d（$13.87，$17.52）$14.92/d（$13.59，$16.26）和$11.96/d（$10.14，$13.78）。当分析近似的 FAFH 食物成分成本时，基线饮食的实际摄入量为$11.01（$9.53，$12.49）$和 DASH 饮食的实际摄入量为$11.81（$10.44，$13.18）$，两者成本相当；WFPB 饮食的实际摄入量为$8.83（$7.35，$10.31）$，成本最低。
在这项有膳食提供的短期研究中，提供大量代谢健康益处的植物性饮食的食物成本低于或与接受胰岛素治疗的 2 型糖尿病成人的基线饮食成本相当。需要更长时间、无膳食提供的数据，才能得出更具普遍性的结果。这项试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册，编号为 NCT04048642。
