Public Health Program, Public Health Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Occupational and Environmental Health Branch, Public Health Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Front Public Health. 2023 Dec 14;11:1274724. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1274724. eCollection 2023.
Pyrethroids are commonly used insecticides in Brazil. Gestational and early childhood exposure to pyrethroids has been linked to adverse health effects, including neurodevelopmental delays, behavioral issues, and endocrine disruption. This study evaluated the exposure of pregnant women and their children to pyrethroid insecticides in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Creatinine-adjusted levels of the pyrethroid metabolites 3-phenoxy benzoic acid (3-PBA) and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl acid (4-FPBA) were measured in the urine of 142 pregnant women and their children at birth and in the first, third, and 6th months of life.
The geometric mean (GM) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 3-PBA and 4-FPBA urinary concentrations in pregnant women were 0.50 (0.37-0.67) and 0.37 (0.05-2.90) ng/mg, detected in 47.2 and 10.6%, respectively. Urinary concentrations of 3-PBA in the children were 0.18 (0.15-0.23) ng/mg at birth, 0.36 (0.08-1.56) ng/mg at 1-month-old, 0.68 (0.36-1.27) ng/mg at 3-month-old, and 1.36 (0.77-2.42) ng/mg at 6-month-old, and the detection rates were respectively 10.8, 9.4, 20.9, and 20.7%.
This study is one of the few that has evaluated the urinary concentrations of pyrethroids in newborns and children in their 1 year of life. The results of this study show that children's exposure to pyrethroids significantly increases after birth.
拟除虫菊酯是巴西常用的杀虫剂。孕妇和幼儿接触拟除虫菊酯与不良健康影响有关，包括神经发育迟缓、行为问题和内分泌干扰。本研究评估了巴西里约热内卢孕妇及其子女接触拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的情况。
在 142 名孕妇及其子女的尿液中测量了拟除虫菊酯代谢物 3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3-PBA）和 4-氟-3-苯氧基苯甲基酸（4-FPBA）的肌酐调整水平，分别在出生时以及生命的第 1、3 和 6 个月进行。
孕妇尿液中 3-PBA 和 4-FPBA 尿液浓度的几何平均值（GM）和 95%置信区间（95%CI）分别为 0.50（0.37-0.67）和 0.37（0.05-2.90）ng/mg，分别在 47.2%和 10.6%中检测到。儿童尿液中 3-PBA 的浓度分别为出生时 0.18（0.15-0.23）ng/mg，1 个月大时 0.36（0.08-1.56）ng/mg，3 个月大时 0.68（0.36-1.27）ng/mg，6 个月大时 1.36（0.77-2.42）ng/mg，检测率分别为 10.8%、9.4%、20.9%和 20.7%。
本研究是为数不多的评估新生儿和 1 岁以下儿童尿液中拟除虫菊酯浓度的研究之一。本研究结果表明，儿童接触拟除虫菊酯的情况在出生后显著增加。
