Bukhalenkova Daria A, Chichinina Elena A, Almazova Olga V
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.
Psychol Russ. 2023 Dec 1;16(4):109-127. doi: 10.11621/pir.2023.0407. eCollection 2023.
Executive functions are actively developing in children of preschool age. Executive functions' development is also influenced by the way children are using digital devices. Joint media engagement is one of the parameters of digital device usage that has been poorly studied so far, although this is of great importance from the point of view of cultural-historical psychology.
Our research aimed to explore the association between young children's development of executive functions over a year, and their joint media engagement with parents and siblings in preschool children.
Four hundred ninety (490) typically developing children (52% of them were boys) participated in the study. It was a longitudinal study: during the first stage, the children were 5-6 years old; the second stage followed one year later. The NEPSY-II subtests (Inhibition, Statue, Memory for Designs, Sentences Repetition) and the Dimensional Change Card Sort were used to assess executive functions. A questionnaire for mothers was used to get information about the children's joint media engagement and screen time.
Children who watched video content and played video games together with their siblings developed more inhibitory control over the year than those children who did it alone. Co-viewing of video content with parents was associated with a decrease in cognitive flexibility over the year, as opposed to watching it alone.
The obtained data allows us to conclude that joint media engagement is important for executive functions development, and that there are optimal formats of joint media engagement. Based on the limitations of this study, recommendations for future research were suggested.
执行功能在学龄前儿童中正在积极发展。执行功能的发展也受到儿童使用数字设备方式的影响。联合媒体参与是数字设备使用的参数之一，尽管从文化历史心理学的角度来看这非常重要，但迄今为止对此研究甚少。
我们的研究旨在探讨幼儿在一年中执行功能的发展与他们在学龄前儿童中与父母及兄弟姐妹的联合媒体参与之间的关联。
490名发育正常的儿童（其中52%为男孩）参与了该研究。这是一项纵向研究：在第一阶段，儿童年龄为5 - 6岁；第二阶段在一年后进行。使用NEPSY-II子测试（抑制、雕像、图形记忆、句子复述）和维度变化卡片分类来评估执行功能。通过母亲问卷获取有关儿童联合媒体参与和屏幕时间的信息。
与兄弟姐妹一起观看视频内容和玩电子游戏的儿童在这一年中比单独进行这些活动的儿童发展出了更强的抑制控制能力。与独自观看视频内容相比，与父母共同观看视频内容在这一年中与认知灵活性的下降有关。
所获得的数据使我们能够得出结论，联合媒体参与对执行功能的发展很重要，并且存在联合媒体参与的最佳形式。基于本研究的局限性，提出了对未来研究的建议。
