Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2024 Apr;50(2):635-651. doi: 10.1007/s10695-023-01295-1. Epub 2024 Jan 2.
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were fed with three diets containing 6%, 12%, and 18% wheat starch for 70 days to examine their impacts on growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolisms, and liver and intestinal health. The results suggested that the 18% starch group inhibited the growth, and improved the hepatic glycogen content compared with the 6% and 12% starch groups (P < 0.05). High starch significantly improved the activities of glycolysis-related enzymes, hexokinase (HK), glucokinase (GK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) (P < 0.05); promoted the mRNA expression of glycolysis-related phosphofructokinase (pfk); decreased the activities of gluconeogenesis-related enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK); and reduced the mRNA expression of gluconeogenesis-related fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-1(fbp1) (P < 0.05). High starch reduced the hepatic mRNA expressions of bile acid metabolism-related cholesterol hydroxylase (cyp7a1) and small heterodimer partner (shp) (P < 0.05), increased the activity of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P < 0.05), and reduced the hepatic mRNA expressions of lipid metabolism-related peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (ppar-α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (cpt-1α) (P < 0.05). High starch promoted inflammation; significantly reduced the mRNA expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 (tgf-β1), interleukin-10 (il-10), and interleukin-11β (il-11β); and increased the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), interleukin-1β (il-1β), and interleukin-8 (il-8) in the liver and intestinal tract (P < 0.05). Additionally, high starch negatively influenced the intestinal microbiota, with the reduced relative abundance of Trichotes and Actinobacteria and the increased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. In conclusion, low dietary wheat starch level (6%) was more profitable to the growth and health of M. salmoides, while high dietary starch level (12% and 18%) could regulate the glucose and lipid metabolisms, impair the liver and intestinal health, and thus decrease the growth performance of M. salmoides.
大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）分别投喂含 6%、12%和 18%小麦淀粉的三种饲料 70 天，以研究其对生长性能、糖脂代谢以及肝肠健康的影响。结果表明，与 6%和 12%淀粉组相比，18%淀粉组抑制了生长，提高了肝糖原含量（P<0.05）。高淀粉组显著提高了糖酵解相关酶的活性，如己糖激酶（HK）、葡萄糖激酶（GK）、磷酸果糖激酶（PFK）和丙酮酸激酶（PK）（P<0.05）；促进糖酵解相关磷酸果糖激酶（pfk）的 mRNA 表达；降低了糖异生相关酶，如丙酮酸羧化酶（PC）和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK）的活性；降低了糖异生相关果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶-1（fbp1）的 mRNA 表达（P<0.05）。高淀粉组降低了肝脏胆汁酸代谢相关胆固醇羟化酶（cyp7a1）和小异二聚体伴侣（shp）的 mRNA 表达（P<0.05），增加了肝脏脂肪酸合酶（FAS）的活性（P<0.05），降低了脂质代谢相关过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α（ppar-α）和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶 1α（cpt-1α）的 mRNA 表达（P<0.05）。高淀粉组促进了炎症反应；显著降低了抗炎细胞因子转化生长因子-β1（tgf-β1）、白细胞介素-10（il-10）和白细胞介素-11β（il-11β）的 mRNA 表达；增加了肝脏和肠道中促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（tnf-α）、白细胞介素-1β（il-1β）和白细胞介素-8（il-8）的 mRNA 表达（P<0.05）。此外，高淀粉组对肠道微生物群产生了负面影响，降低了厚壁菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度，增加了厚壁菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度。总之，低水平（6%）的饲料小麦淀粉更有利于大口黑鲈的生长和健康，而高水平（12%和 18%）的饲料淀粉可调节糖脂代谢，损害肝肠健康，从而降低大口黑鲈的生长性能。
