Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Dummerstorf, Germany.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
PLoS One. 2024 Jan 2;19(1):e0296427. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296427. eCollection 2024.
Breeding for higher fertility has resulted in a higher number of low birthweight (LBW) piglets. It has been shown that LBW piglets grow slower than normal birthweight (NBW) littermates. Differences in growth performance have been associated with impaired small intestinal development. In suckling and weaning piglets, glutamine (Gln) supplementation has been associated with improved growth and intestinal development. This study was designed to examine the effects of oral Gln supplementation on growth and small intestinal parameters in LBW and NBW suckling piglets. At birth (day 0), a total of 72 LBW (1.10 ± 0.06 kg) and 72 NBW (1.51 ± 0.06) male piglets were selected. At day 1, litters were standardized to 12 piglets, and experimental piglets supplemented daily with either Gln (1 g/kg BW) or isonitrogenous amounts of Alanine (Ala) as control (1.22 g/kg BW) until day 12. Creep feed was offered from day 14 onward. Subgroups of piglets were euthanized at days 5, 12, and 26 for the analyses of jejunal morphometry, cellular proliferation, glutathione concentration and transcript abundance of tight junction proteins. From age day 11 to 21, Gln supplemented LBW (LBW-Gln) piglets were heavier than Ala supplemented LBW (LBW-Ala) littermates (P = 0.034), while NBW piglets were heavier until age day 26 compared to LBW littermates. Villus height was higher in LBW-Gln compared to LBW-Ala on age day 12 (P = 0.031). Sporadic differences among supplementation and birthweight groups were detected for jejunal cellular proliferation, cellular population and glutathione concentration, whereas age was the most dominant factor. These results show that Gln supplementation improved the growth of LBW piglets compared to LBW-Ala beyond the termination of Gln supplementation, but this was not associated with consistent effects on selected parameters of jejunal development.
繁殖以提高繁殖力导致了更多的低出生体重（LBW）仔猪。已经表明，LBW 仔猪的生长速度比正常出生体重（NBW）同窝仔猪慢。生长性能的差异与小肠发育受损有关。在哺乳和断奶仔猪中，补充谷氨酰胺（Gln）已被证明可以改善生长和肠道发育。本研究旨在研究口服 Gln 补充对 LBW 和 NBW 哺乳仔猪生长和小肠参数的影响。在出生时（第 0 天），共选择了 72 头 LBW（1.10±0.06kg）和 72 头 NBW（1.51±0.06）雄性仔猪。在第 1 天，将每个窝产仔数调整为 12 头，并从第 1 天开始，每天向实验仔猪补充 Gln（1g/kgBW）或等氮量的丙氨酸（Ala）作为对照（1.22g/kgBW），直至第 12 天。从第 14 天开始，提供乳猪饲料。在第 5、12 和 26 天，对空肠形态学、细胞增殖、谷胱甘肽浓度和紧密连接蛋白的转录丰度进行亚组仔猪安乐死分析。从第 11 天到第 21 天，补充 Gln 的 LBW（LBW-Gln）仔猪比补充 Ala 的 LBW（LBW-Ala）同窝仔猪重（P=0.034），而 NBW 仔猪在 26 日龄前比 LBW 同窝仔猪重。在第 12 天，LBW-Gln 组的绒毛高度高于 LBW-Ala 组（P=0.031）。在补充和出生体重组之间，偶尔会出现空肠细胞增殖、细胞群体和谷胱甘肽浓度的差异，而年龄是最主要的因素。这些结果表明，与补充 Ala 的 LBW 仔猪相比，Gln 补充提高了 LBW 仔猪的生长速度，超出了 Gln 补充的终止时间，但这与空肠发育的选定参数没有一致的关联。
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