Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høghskoleveien 7, N-1431, Aas, Norway.
Division of Environment and Natural Resources, NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høghskoleveien 7, N-1431, Aas, Norway.
BMC Genomics. 2024 Jan 2;25(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12864-023-09905-1.
The order Lepidoptera has an abundance of species, including both agriculturally beneficial and detrimental insects. Molecular data has been used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of major subdivisions in Lepidoptera, which has enhanced our understanding of the evolutionary relationships at the family and superfamily levels. However, the phylogenetic placement of many superfamilies and/or families in this order is still unknown. In this study, we determine the systematic status of the family Argyresthiidae within Lepidoptera and explore its phylogenetic affinities and implications for the evolution of the order. We describe the first mitochondrial (mt) genome from a member of Argyresthiidae, the apple fruit moth Argyresthia conjugella. The insect is an important pest on apples in Fennoscandia, as it switches hosts when the main host fails to produce crops.
The mt genome of A. conjugella contains 16,044 bp and encodes all 37 genes commonly found in insect mt genomes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a large control region (1101 bp). The nucleotide composition was extremely AT-rich (82%). All detected PCGs (13) began with an ATN codon and terminated with a TAA stop codon, except the start codon in cox1 is ATT. All 22 tRNAs had cloverleaf secondary structures, except trnS1, where one of the dihydrouridine (DHU) arms is missing, reflecting potential differences in gene expression. When compared to the mt genomes of 507 other Lepidoptera representing 18 superfamilies and 42 families, phylogenomic analyses found that A. conjugella had the closest relationship with the Plutellidae family (Yponomeutoidea-super family). We also detected a sister relationship between Yponomeutoidea and the superfamily Tineidae.
Our results underline the potential importance of mt genomes in comparative genomic analyses of Lepidoptera species and provide valuable evolutionary insight across the tree of Lepidoptera species.
鳞翅目拥有丰富的物种，包括对农业有益和有害的昆虫。分子数据已被用于研究鳞翅目主要分支的系统发育关系，这增强了我们对科和超科水平进化关系的理解。然而，该目中许多超科和/或科的系统发育位置仍然未知。在这项研究中，我们确定了鳞翅目卷蛾科在鳞翅目中的系统地位，并探讨了它的系统发育关系及其对鳞翅目进化的影响。我们描述了卷蛾科的第一个线粒体（mt）基因组，即苹果果实蛾 Argyresthia conjugella。该昆虫是芬诺斯堪的亚地区苹果的重要害虫，因为当主要宿主作物歉收时，它会切换宿主。
A. conjugella 的 mt 基因组包含 16044bp，编码昆虫 mt 基因组中常见的所有 37 个基因，包括 13 个蛋白质编码基因（PCGs）、两个核糖体 RNA、22 个转移 RNA 和一个大的控制区（1101bp）。核苷酸组成极其富含 AT（82%）。所有检测到的 PCGs（13 个）都以 ATN 密码子开始，以 TAA 终止密码子结束，除了 cox1 的起始密码子是 ATT。所有 22 个 tRNA 都具有三叶因子二级结构，除了 trnS1，其中一个二氢尿嘧啶（DHU）臂缺失，反映了基因表达的潜在差异。与代表 18 个超科和 42 个科的 507 种其他鳞翅目昆虫的 mt 基因组相比，系统基因组分析发现 A. conjugella 与 Plutellidae 科（Yponomeutoidea-超科）关系最密切。我们还检测到 Yponomeutoidea 与 Tineidae 超科之间的姐妹关系。
我们的研究结果强调了 mt 基因组在鳞翅目物种比较基因组分析中的潜在重要性，并为鳞翅目物种的进化提供了有价值的见解。
